ASTM A335 P12 (ASME SA335 P12) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chomwe chapangidwira ntchito yotentha kwambiri.
Zinthu zazikulu zophatikiza P12 ndi 0.08–1.25% chromium ndi 0.44–0.65% molybdenum, zomwe zimayikidwa m'gulu la chitsulo cha Cr-Mo alloy.
Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri pa kutentha kwambiri, kukana kutentha, komanso kukana okosijeni, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma boiler, ma superheater, ma heat exchanger, ndi mapaipi a pressure vessels.
Mapaipi a P12 amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popindika, kupalasa (vanstoneing), ndi ntchito zina zofanana zopangira, komanso polumikiza zitsulo.
Poyesa kapangidwe ka mankhwala a P12, ziyenera kuchitika motsatira ASTM A999. Zofunikira pa kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi izi:
| Giredi | Kapangidwe, % | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo | |
| P12 | 0.05 - 0.15 | 0.30 - 0.61 | 0.025 pasadakhale | 0.025 pasadakhale | 0.50 pasadakhale | 0.08 - 1.25 | 0.44 - 0.65 |
Chromium imalimbitsa kwambiri kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa mapaipi achitsulo ndipo imalimbitsa kukhazikika kwawo panthawi yogwira ntchito yotentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali. Molybdenum imawonjezera mphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso kukana kukwawa.
| Giredi | ASTM A335 P12 | |
| Mphamvu yolimba, min, ksi [MPa] | 60 [415] | |
| Mphamvu yotulutsa, min, ksi [MPa] | 32 [220] | |
| Kutalika kwa mainchesi awiri kapena 50 mm (kapena 4D), mphindi, % | Longitudinal | Zosintha |
| Kutalikitsa koyambira kwa khoma la 5/16 mu [8 mm] ndi kupitirira mu makulidwe, mayeso a mizere, ndi a kukula konse kakang'ono komwe kayesedwa mu gawo lonse. | 30 | 20 |
| Ngati muli ndi kutalika kozungulira kwa mainchesi 2 kapena 50 mm kapena chitsanzo cha kukula kochepa chomwe chili ndi kutalika kofanana ndi 4D (kuwirikiza kanayi kukula kwa mainchesi) chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. | 22 | 14 |
| Pa mayeso a strip, kuchotsera pa kuchepa kulikonse kwa 1/32 mu [0.8 mm] kwa makulidwe a khoma pansi pa 5/16 in. [8 mm] kuchokera ku kutalika kochepa koyambira kwa magawo otsatirawa kuyenera kupangidwa. | 1.50 | 1.00 |
Wopanga ndi Mkhalidwe
Mapaipi achitsulo a ASTM A335 P12 ayenera kupangidwa ndinjira yopanda msokondipo iyenera kumalizidwa kutentha kapena kuzizira, monga momwe zafotokozedwera.
Kutentha Chithandizo
Mapaipi onse a P12 ayenera kutenthedwanso kuti azitha kutentha komanso kutentha malinga ndi zofunikira patebulo.
| Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kutentha kwa Subcritical Annealing kapena Tempering |
| ASTM A335 P12 | anneal yodzaza kapena yosiyana ndi kutentha | — |
| kusinthasintha ndi kusinthasintha | 1200 ℉ [650 ℃] | |
| anneal yocheperako | 1200 ~ 1300 ℉ [650 ~ 705 ℃] |
Utali uliwonse wa chitoliro chokhala ndi mainchesi akunja opitilira 250 mm ndi makulidwe a khoma osakwana kapena ofanana ndi 0.75 mm uyenera kuyesedwa ndi hydrostatic.
Kapenanso, kuyesa kosawononga malinga ndi ASTM E213, E309, ndi E570 kungagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Mosasamala kanthu za njira yoyesera yomwe yasankhidwa, iyenera kulembedwa pa chizindikiro cha chitoliro, ndi zofunikira zolembera motere:
| Akupanga | Kutuluka kwa Flux | Eddy Current | Madzi Osasintha | Kulemba |
| No | No | No | Inde | Choyesera Kupanikizika |
| Inde | No | No | No | UT |
| No | Inde | No | No | FL |
| No | No | Inde | No | EC |
| Inde | Inde | No | No | UT / FL |
| Inde | No | Inde | No | UT / EC |
| No | No | No | No | NH |
| Inde | No | No | Inde | UT / Chitsulo Choyesera |
| No | Inde | No | Inde | FL / Choyesera Chokakamiza |
| No | No | Inde | Inde | EC / Chitsulo Choyesera |
Kulekerera kwa Miyeso
Pa mapaipi oyitanidwa ku NPS [DN] kapenam'mimba mwake wakunja, kusiyana kwa mainchesi akunja sikuyenera kupitirira komwe kwatchulidwa patebulo loyatsira.
| Wopanga NPS [DN] | Zosiyanasiyana Zovomerezeka | |
| mu. | mm | |
| 1/8 mpaka 1 1/2 [6 mpaka 40], inchi. | ±1/64 [0.015] | ± 0.40 |
| Kupitirira 1 1/2 mpaka 4 [40 mpaka 100], inchi. | ±1/32 [0.031] | ± 0.79 |
| Kupitirira 4 mpaka 8 [100 mpaka 200], mainchesi. | -1/32 - +1/16 [-0.031 - +0.062] | -0.79 - +1.59 |
| Kupitirira 8 mpaka 12 [200 mpaka 300], mainchesi. | -1/32 - +3/32 [-0.031 - 0.093] | -0.79 - +2.38 |
| Oposa 12 [300] | ± 1% ya dayamita yakunja yotchulidwa | |
Kwa mapaipi olamulidwa kutim'mimba mwake mkati, m'mimba mwake wamkati suyenera kusiyana kuposa ± 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake wamkati womwe watchulidwa.
Kulekerera kwa Makulidwe a Khoma
Kuwonjezera pa malire osabisika a makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro omwe amaperekedwa ndi malire a kulemera mu ASTM A999, makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro pamalopo ayenera kukhala mkati mwa zolekerera zomwe zili patebulo lophulika.
| Wopanga NPS [DN] | Kulekerera, % ya fomu Yofotokozedwa |
| 1/8 mpaka 2 1/2 [6 mpaka 65] kuphatikiza ma ratios onse a t/D | -12.5 - +20.0 |
| Pamwamba pa 2 1/2 [65], t/D ≤ 5% | -12.5 - +22.5 |
| Pamwamba pa 2 1/2, t/D ＞ 5% | -12.5 - +15.0 |
t = Kukhuthala kwa Khoma Kodziwika; D = Kuchuluka kwa Kunja Kodziwika.
| ASME | ASTM | EN | GB | JIS |
| ASME SA335 P12 | ASTM A213 T12 | EN 10216-2 13CrMo4-5 | GB/T 5310 15CrMoG | JIS G 3462 STBA22 |
Zipangizo:mapaipi ndi zolumikizira zachitsulo zopanda msoko za ASTM A335 P12;
Kukula:1/8" mpaka 24", kapena kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna;
Utali:Kutalika kosasinthika kapena kudula motsatira dongosolo;
Kupaka:Zophimba zakuda, malekezero opindika, zoteteza malekezero a mapaipi, mabokosi amatabwa, ndi zina zotero.
Thandizo:Satifiketi ya IBR, kuyang'anira TPI, MTC, kudula, kukonza, ndi kusintha;
MOQ:1 m;
Malamulo Olipira:T/T kapena L/C;
Mtengo:Lumikizanani nafe kuti mudziwe mitengo yaposachedwa ya mapaipi achitsulo a P12.
