ASTM A335 P11Chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda ferritic chopanda alloy chopanda msoko chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, dzina la UNS K11597.
P11 ndi aloyi ya chromium-molybdenum yokhala ndi chromium ya 1.00-1.50% ndi molybdenum ya 0.44-0.65%.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu ma boiler, ma superheater, ndi ma heat exchanger m'malo opangira magetsi ndi mafakitale a mankhwala.
Zofunikira zaukadaulo zaASME SA335ndiASTM A335ndi ofanana, kotero kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwonetsa, tidzagwiritsa ntchito "ASTM A335" ponena za miyezo iwiriyi.
Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatalil: ASTM A335 P11 chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: Malinga ndiASME B36.10zofunikira;
Ndandanda: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 ndi SCH160;
Kudziwika: Matenda opatsirana pogonana, XS, XXS;
Kusintha: Makulidwe osakhazikika a mapaipi amapezekanso, makulidwe osinthidwa amapezeka mukapempha;
Utali: Kutalika kolunjika komanso kosasinthika;
Satifiketi ya IBR: Tikhoza kulankhulana ndi bungwe loyang'anira lachitatu kuti tipeze satifiketi ya IBR malinga ndi zosowa zanu, mabungwe athu owunikira mogwirizana ndi BV, SGS, TUV, ndi zina zotero;
TSIRIZA: Mapeto a chitoliro chosalala, chopindika, kapena chophatikizika;
Pamwamba: Chitoliro chopepuka, utoto, ndi chitetezo china cha kanthawi kochepa, kuchotsa ndi kupukuta dzimbiri, galvanized ndi pulasitiki yokutidwa, ndi chitetezo china cha nthawi yayitali;
Kulongedza: Chikwama chamatabwa, lamba wachitsulo kapena waya wachitsulo, choteteza kumapeto kwa chitoliro cha pulasitiki kapena chachitsulo, ndi zina zotero.
Pokhapokha ngati zafotokozedwa mwanjira ina mu A335, zipangizo zomwe zaperekedwa pansi pa mfundoyi ziyenera kutsatira zofunikira zomwe zili mu kope lamakono la Specification.A999/A999M.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A335 chiyenera kukhala ndiwopanda msokoMachubu achitsulo chopanda msoko amapereka kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kufanana kwakukulu akamayikidwa pamalo opanikizika kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Yopanda msoko ingagawidwe m'magulu monga yokokedwa ndi yozizira komanso yomalizidwa ndi kutentha, kutengera momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kukula kwake.
Kujambula kozizira nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma diameter ang'onoang'ono kapena machubu omwe amafunikira kulondola kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino pamwamba. Kumaliza kotentha nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi akuluakulu achitsulo owongoka komanso okhuthala.
Pansipa pali tchati cha njira yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chomalizidwa ndi kutentha.
Kutenthetsa zinthu za P11 kungakhale kudzaza kapena kutenthetsa pang'ono kapena kutenthetsa pambuyo pa kutenthetsa, ndipo potenthetsa ndi kutenthetsa, kutentha kwa kutenthetsa kuyenera kukhala osachepera 1200°F (650°C).
Kuchokera ku kapangidwe ka mankhwala, titha kuwona mosavuta kutiP11 ndi aloyi ya chromium-molybdenum.
Ma aloyi a Chromium-molybdenum ndi gulu la zitsulo zomwe chromium (Cr) ndi molybdenum (Mo) ndi zinthu zazikulu zophatikizira. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa zinthuzi kumawonjezera kwambiri mphamvu, kuuma, kukana kuwonongeka, komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa chitsulocho. Pa kutentha kwambiri, ma aloyi a Cr-Mo amatha kusunga mawonekedwe abwino a makina komanso kapangidwe kokhazikika.
Cr: kumawonjezera kukana kwa okosijeni ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa aloyi, kumathandiza kupanga filimu yamphamvu ya okosijeni, ndikuteteza zinthuzo ku zinthu zowononga.
Mo: Zimawonjezera mphamvu ya aloyi, makamaka kutentha kwambiri, zimawonjezera kukana kwa kukwawa, komanso zimawonjezera mphamvu ya kutentha kwambiri kwa chinthucho.
1. Katundu Wolimba
Mayeso okoka amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyesamphamvu yobereka, kulimba kwamakokedwendielongation ya pulogalamu yoyesera ya chitoliro chachitsulo, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzinthu zakuthupi za mayeso.
AGome 5 limapereka miyeso yocheperako yowerengedwa.
Pamene makulidwe a khoma ali pakati pa mfundo ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa, mtengo wocheperako wa kutalika umatsimikiziridwa ndi njira yotsatirayi:
Longitudinal, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Chopingasa, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
komwe:
E = kutalika kwa mainchesi awiri kapena 50 mm, %,
t = makulidwe enieni a zitsanzo, mu. [mm].
2. Kuuma
Chitoliro cha kalasi P11 sichifuna kuyesedwa kwa kuuma.
Mtengo wofotokozera wa kuuma kwa chinthu waperekedwa pansipa.
Mkhalidwe wotsekedwa:
Kuuma nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 150 ndi 200 HB.
Mkhalidwe wabwinobwino komanso wofewa:
Kulimba kwake kumayambira pa 170 mpaka 220 HB.
Kuuma ndi kuzizira:
Kulimba kumatha kufika 250 mpaka 300 HB kapena kuposerapo, kutengera kutentha ndi nthawi yotenthetsera.
3. Mapulogalamu Oyesera Osankha
Zinthu zotsatirazi zoyeserera sizinthu zoyesera zofunika, ngati pakufunika kutero zitha kutsimikiziridwa mwa kukambirana.
Kusanthula Zamalonda
Mayeso Ophwanyika
Mayeso Opindika
Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo ndi Mayeso Okongoletsa
Zithunzi za maikulografi
Zithunzi za Zithunzi za Zidutswa Payokha
Kuyesa kwa P11 hydrotest kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira izi.
Kunja kwa mainchesi ＞10. [250mm] ndi makulidwe a khoma ≤ 0.75in. [19mm]: iyi iyenera kukhala mayeso a hydrostatic.
Masayizi ena oyesera magetsi osawononga.
Zofunikira zotsatirazi za mayeso a hydrostatic zaphatikizidwa kuchokera ku zofunikira za ASTM A999:
Pa chitsulo cha ferritic alloy ndi machubu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, khoma limapanikizika osachepera60% ya mphamvu yocheperako yopezera zokolola.
Kuthamanga kwa hydro test kuyenera kusungidwa kwa osachepera 5spopanda kutayikira kapena zolakwika zina.
Kupanikizika kwamadzimadziakhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
P = 2St/D
P = kuthamanga kwa mayeso a hydrostatic mu psi [MPa];
S = kupsinjika kwa khoma la chitoliro mu psi kapena [MPa];
t = makulidwe a khoma otchulidwa, makulidwe a khoma odziwika bwino malinga ndi nambala ya ndandanda ya ANSI yotchulidwa kapena kuchulukitsa makulidwe a khoma osachepera otchulidwa ndi 1.143, mu. [mm];
D = mainchesi akunja otchulidwa, mainchesi akunja ogwirizana ndi kukula kwa chitoliro cha ANSI chotchulidwa, kapena mainchesi akunja owerengedwa powonjezera 2t (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) ku mainchesi amkati otchulidwa, mu. [mm].
Chitoliro chilichonse chiyenera kufufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosawononga malinga ndi MachitidweE213, ChitaniE309, kapena KuchitaE570.
Kusiyanasiyana Kovomerezeka mu Diameter
Kwa chitoliro cholamulidwa kutim'mimba mwake mkati, m'mimba mwake wamkati suyenera kusiyana kuposa ± 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake wamkati womwe watchulidwa.
Kuyika chubu cholamulidwa mkatiNPS [DN] kapena ma diameter akunjaSiziyenera kusinthasintha ma diameter akunja kuposa momwe zafotokozedwera m'matebulo omwe ali pansipa.
Kusintha Kovomerezeka kwa Kukhuthala kwa Khoma
Kuyeza makulidwe a khoma kuyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyezera kapena zipangizo zoyesera zosawononga zomwe zili ndi luso loyenera. Ngati pakhala mkangano, muyeso womwe wapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyezera udzapambana.
Kukhuthala kocheperako kwa khoma ndi m'mimba mwake wakunja kuti muwone ngati zikugwirizana ndi izi pa chitoliro cholamulidwa ndi NPS [DN] ndi nambala ya ndandanda zikuwonetsedwa muASME B36.10M.
Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ma boiler, ma superheater, ndi ma heat exchanger m'malo opangira magetsi ndi mafakitale a mankhwala.
Maboiler: P11 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma boiler chifukwa cha kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi kupsinjika, makamaka m'magawo omwe amakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndi kupsinjika.
Chotenthetsera chachikulu: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera kutentha kwa nthunzi kuti apititse patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kutentha. p11 imatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zinthuzo zimasungidwa ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
Zosinthira kutentha: P11 imawonjezera dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri kwa zinthu zosinthira kutentha, motero zimawonjezera kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha zidazo.
Makina opaira mapaipi: Makina opaira mapaipi m'mafakitale a mankhwala nthawi zambiri amafunika kunyamula madzi otentha kwambiri kapena nthunzi. Mphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso mphamvu zabwino za makina a P11 zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.
a) Kodi ASTM A335 P11 ndi yofanana ndi chiyani?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)Kodi P11 ndi chitsulo chopanda aloyi wambiri?
Inde, P11 ndi chitsulo chopanda aloyi.
Chitsulo chopanda aloyi ndi aloyi yachitsulo-kaboni yomwe yowonjezerapo chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo (monga chromium, molybdenum, nickel, ndi zina zotero) zawonjezeredwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zonse zophatikizana nthawi zambiri kumakhala kuyambira 1 mpaka 5%.
c)Kodi mphamvu yokoka ya ASTM A335 P11 ndi yotani?
Mphamvu yocheperako yogwira ntchito ya 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)Kodi mphamvu ya ASTM A335 P11 ndi yotani?
Mphamvu yocheperako yogwira ntchito ya 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) Kodi malire a kutentha a ASTM A335 P11 ndi otani?
Mu malo ophikira okosijeni: Kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 593°C (1100°F).
M'malo omwe alibe okosijeni: kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito pafupifupi 650°C (1200°F) kungatheke.
f)Kodi A335 P11 ndi ya maginito?
Ndi maginito kutentha kwa chipinda. Kapangidwe kameneka kangakhale kothandiza pazinthu zina, monga pamene zinthuzo zikufunika kuti zigwirizane ndi zida zodziwira maginito.
g)Kodi mtengo wa ASTM A335 P11 ndi wotani?
Mitengo imasiyana malinga ndi msika, titumizireni uthenga wolondola.
