ASTM A335 P91, yomwe imadziwikanso kutiASME SA335 P91, ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha ferritic alloy chopanda msoko chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, UNS No. K91560.
Ili ndi osacheperamphamvu yokoka ya 585 MPa(85 ksi) ndi osacheperamphamvu yotulutsa ya 415 MPa(60 ksi).
P91Muli zinthu zophatikiza monga chromium ndi molybdenum, ndipo zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana zophatikiza zimawonjezedwa, zomwe ndi zachitsulo chopangidwa ndi aloyi wambiri, kotero ili ndi mphamvu kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, P91 imapezeka m'mitundu iwiri,Mtundu 1ndiMtundu Wachiwiri, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amagetsi, mafakitale oyeretsera, malo opangira mankhwala ndi zida zofunika kwambiri, komanso mapaipi m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha P91 chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri, Mtundu 1 ndi Mtundu 2.
Mitundu yonse iwiri ndi yofanana pankhani ya makhalidwe a makina ndi zofunikira zina monga kutentha,ndi kusiyana kochepa mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi cholinga chenicheni cha ntchito.
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala: Poyerekeza ndi Mtundu 1, kapangidwe ka mankhwala a Mtundu 2 ndi kolimba kwambiri ndipo kali ndi zinthu zambiri zosakaniza kuti zipereke kutentha bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Mapulogalamu: Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, Mtundu wachiwiri ndi woyenera kwambiri kutentha kwambiri kapena malo owononga kwambiri, kapena m'malo omwe amafunika mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A335 chiyenera kukhala ndiwopanda msoko.
Njira yopangira yopanda zingwe imagawidwa m'magulu awiri:kumaliza kotenthandikukokedwa kozizira.
Pansipa pali chithunzi cha njira yomaliza yotentha.
Makamaka, P91, chitoliro chachitsulo chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu wambiri, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta omwe kutentha ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kumakwera, chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimakhala cholimba mofanana ndipo chingapangidwe kukhala makoma okhuthala, motero kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chapamwamba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama.
Mapaipi onse ayenera kutenthedwa kuti azitha kukonza bwino kapangidwe ka chitolirocho, kukonza bwino mawonekedwe ake a makina, komanso kulimbitsa kukana kutentha ndi kupanikizika.
| Giredi | Mtundu Wothandizira Kutentha | Kutentha Koyenera | Kutentha Kotentha |
| Mtundu wa P91 1 ndi Mtundu wa 2 | kukonza ndi kulimbitsa kapena | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 ~ 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
| kuletsa ndi kukwiya | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 - 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
Zigawo za Mankhwala a P91 Mtundu 1
| Giredi | Kapangidwe, % | ||||||
| Mtundu 1 wa P91 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.08 - 0.12 | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.020 pasadakhale | 0.010 payokha | 0.20 - 0.50 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.85 - 1.05 | |
| V | N | Ni | Al | Nb | Ti | Zr | |
| 0.18 - 0.25 | 0.030 - 0.070 | 0.40 pasadakhale | 0.02 payokha | 0.06 - 0.10 | 0.01 payokha | 0.01 payokha | |
Zigawo za Mankhwala a P91 Mtundu Wachiwiri
| Giredi | Kapangidwe, % | ||||||
| Zigawo za Mankhwala a P91 Mtundu Wachiwiri | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.07 - 0.13 | 0.30 - 0.50 | 0.020 pasadakhale | 0.005 payokha | 0.20 - 0.40 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.80 - 1.05 | |
| V | Ni | Al | N | Chiŵerengero cha N/Al | Nb | Ti | |
| 0.16 - 0.27 | 0.20 payokha | 0.02 payokha | 0.035 - 0.070 | ≥ 4.0 | 0.05 - 0.11 | 0.01 payokha | |
| Zr | Sn | Sb | As | B | W | Cu | |
| 0.01 payokha | 0.01 payokha | 0.003 payokha | 0.01 payokha | 0.001 payokha | 0.05 payokha | 0.10 payokha | |
Ndi zithunzi ziwiri pamwambapa, n'zosavuta kuona kusiyana pakati pa zinthu za mankhwala za Mtundu 1 ndi Mtundu 2 ndi zoletsa.
1. Katundu Wolimba
Mayeso okoka amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyesamphamvu yobereka, kulimba kwamakokedwendielongation ya pulogalamu yoyesera ya chitoliro chachitsulo, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzinthu zakuthupi za mayeso.
| Mtundu wa P91 1 ndi Mtundu wa 2 | |||
| Kulimba kwamakokedwe | 85 ksi [585 MPa] mphindi | ||
| Mphamvu yobereka | 60 ksi [415 MPa] mphindi | ||
| Kutalikitsa | Zofunikira pa Kutalika | Longitudinal | Zosintha |
| Kutalika kwa mainchesi awiri kapena 50 mm, (kapena 4D), mphindi, %; Kutalikitsa koyambira kwa khoma la mainchesi 6 [8 mm] ndi kupitirira mu makulidwe, mayeso a mizere, ndi a kukula konse kakang'ono komwe kayesedwa mu gawo lonse. | 20 | — | |
| Ngati muli ndi kutalika kozungulira kwa mainchesi 2 kapena 50 mm kapena chitsanzo cha kukula kochepa chomwe chili ndi kutalika kofanana ndi 4D (kuwirikiza kanayi kukula kwa mainchesi) chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. | 20 | 13 | |
| Pa mayeso a mzere, kuchotsera pa kuchepa kulikonse kwa 1/32 inchi [0.8 mm] kwa makulidwe a khoma pansi pa 5/16 inchi [8 mm] kuchokera ku kutalika kochepa koyambira kwa magawo otsatirawa kuyenera kupangidwa. | 1 | — | |
2. Kuuma
Njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera kuuma zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuphatikizapo Vickers, Brinell, ndi Rockwell.
| Giredi | Brinell | Vickers | Rockwell |
| Mtundu wa P91 1 ndi Mtundu wa 2 | 190 - 250 HBW | 196 - 265 HV | 91 HRBW - 25HRC |
Kukhuthala kwa khoma <0.065 in. [1.7 mm]: Palibe mayeso ofunikira;
0.065 mainchesi. [1.7 mm] ≤ makulidwe a khoma <0.200 mainchesi. [5.1 mm]: Mayeso olimba a Rockwell ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito;
Kukhuthala kwa khoma ≥ 0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Brinell hardness kapena Rockwell hardness test ngati mukufuna.
Mayeso a kuuma kwa Vickers amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makulidwe onse a khoma la mapaipi. Njira yoyeserayi imachitika motsatira zofunikira za E92.
3. Mayeso Ophwanyika
Kuyesera kuyenera kuchitika motsatira Gawo 20 la muyezo wa ASTM A999.
4. Mayeso Opindika
Pindani 180° kutentha kwa chipinda, palibe ming'alu yomwe idzawonekere kunja kwa gawo lopindika.
Kukula > NPS25 kapena D/t ≥ 7.0: Mayeso opindika ayenera kuchitidwa popanda mayeso ophwanyika.
5. Mapulogalamu Oyesera Osankha a P91
Zinthu zotsatirazi zoyeserera sizinthu zoyesera zofunika, ngati pakufunika kutero zitha kutsimikiziridwa mwa kukambirana.
S1: Kusanthula Zamalonda
S3: Mayeso Ophwanyika
S4: Kapangidwe ka Chitsulo ndi Mayeso Okongoletsa
S5: Zithunzi za maikulografi
S6: Zithunzi za Zithunzi za Zidutswa Payokha
S7: Chithandizo Chakutentha Chamtundu Wina - Gulu la P91 Mtundu 1 ndi Mtundu 2
Kuyesa kwa P91 hydro kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira izi.
Kunja kwa mainchesi ＞10. [250mm] ndi makulidwe a khoma ≤ 0.75in. [19mm]: iyi iyenera kukhala mayeso a hydrostatic.
Masayizi ena oyesera magetsi osawononga.
Pa chitsulo cha ferritic alloy ndi machubu achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, khoma limapanikizika osachepera60% ya mphamvu yocheperako yopezera zokolola.
Kuthamanga kwa hydro test kuyenera kusungidwa kwa osachepera 5spopanda kutayikira kapena zolakwika zina.
Kupanikizika kwamadzimadziakhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
P = 2St/D
P = kuthamanga kwa mayeso a hydrostatic mu psi [MPa];
S = kupsinjika kwa khoma la chitoliro mu psi kapena [MPa];
t = makulidwe a khoma otchulidwa, makulidwe a khoma odziwika bwino malinga ndi nambala ya ndandanda ya ANSI yotchulidwa kapena kuchulukitsa makulidwe a khoma osachepera otchulidwa ndi 1.143, mu. [mm];
D = mainchesi akunja otchulidwa, mainchesi akunja ogwirizana ndi kukula kwa chitoliro cha ANSI chotchulidwa, kapena mainchesi akunja owerengedwa powonjezera 2t (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) ku mainchesi amkati otchulidwa, mu. [mm].
Chitoliro cha P91 chimayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera ya E213. Muyezo wa E213 umakhudza kwambiri kuyesa kwa ultrasound (UT).
Ngati yatchulidwa mwachindunji mu dongosolo, ikhozanso kuyesedwa malinga ndi njira yoyesera ya E309 kapena E570.
Muyezo wa E309 nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito yowunikira ma electromagnetic (eddy current), pomwe E570 ndi njira yowunikira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ma eddy current arrays.
Kusiyanasiyana Kovomerezeka mu Diameter
Kwa chitoliro cholamulidwa kutim'mimba mwake mkati, m'mimba mwake wamkati suyenera kusiyana kuposa ± 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake wamkati womwe watchulidwa.
Kuyika chubu cholamulidwa mkatiNPS [DN] kapena ma diameter akunjaSiziyenera kusinthasintha ma diameter akunja kuposa momwe zafotokozedwera m'matebulo omwe ali pansipa.
Kusintha Kovomerezeka kwa Kukhuthala kwa Khoma
Kuyeza makulidwe a khoma kuyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyezera kapena zipangizo zoyesera zosawononga zomwe zili ndi luso loyenera. Ngati pakhala mkangano, muyeso womwe wapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito makina oyezera udzapambana.
Kukhuthala kocheperako kwa khoma ndi m'mimba mwake wakunja kuti muwone ngati zikugwirizana ndi izi pa chitoliro cholamulidwa ndi NPS [DN] ndi nambala ya ndandanda zikuwonetsedwa muASME B36.10M.
Zofooka
Zofooka pamwamba zimaonedwa ngati zolakwika ngati zikupitirira 12.5% ya makulidwe a khoma kapena kupitirira makulidwe ochepera a khoma.
Zolakwika
Zizindikiro zamakina, mikwingwirima, ndi mabowo, omwe zolakwika zilizonse zimakhala zozama kuposa 1/16 inchi [1.6 mm].
Zizindikiro ndi mikwingwirima zimatanthauzidwa ngati zizindikiro za chingwe, ma dinges, zizindikiro zotsogolera, zizindikiro zozungulira, mikwingwirima ya mpira, zigoli, zizindikiro zodulira, ndi zina zotero.
Kukonza
Zilema zitha kuchotsedwa popera, bola ngati makulidwe otsala a khoma sali ochepera makulidwe ochepera a khoma.
Kukonza kungapangidwenso pogwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera koma kuyenera kutsatira zofunikira za A999.
Zosefera zonse zokonzera mu P91 ziyenera kupangidwa ndi imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi zowetera ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito: SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9:SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + neutral flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; ndi FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91TI-B9. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa Ni+Mn kwa zogwiritsidwa ntchito zonse zowetera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwetera P91 Type 1 ndi Type 2 sikuyenera kupitirira 1.0%.
Chitoliro cha P91 chiyenera kutenthedwa pa kutentha kwa 1350-1470 °F [730-800°C] pambuyo pokonza weld.
Pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo chowunikidwacho payenera kukhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
Dzina la wopanga kapena chizindikiro cha malonda; nambala yokhazikika; giredi; kutalika ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera "S".
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic ndi mayeso osawononga zomwe zili patebulo pansipa ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa.
Ngati chitolirocho chakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito welding, chiyenera kulembedwa kuti "WR".
p91 Mtundu (Mtundu 1 kapena Mtundu 2) uyenera kufotokozedwa.
| ASME | ASTM | EN | GB |
| ASME SA335 P91 | ASTM A213 T91 | EN 10216-2 X10CrMoVNb9-1 | GB/T 5310 10Cr9Mo1VNbN |
Zinthu Zamtengo Wapatalil: ASTM A335 P91 chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: Malinga ndiASME B36.10zofunikira;
Ndandanda: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 ndi SCH160;
Kudziwika:STD (yokhazikika), XS (yolimba kwambiri), kapena XXS (yolimba kwambiri kawiri);
Kusintha: Makulidwe osakhazikika a mapaipi amapezekanso, makulidwe osinthidwa amapezeka mukapempha;
Utali: Kutalika kolunjika komanso kosasinthika;
Satifiketi ya IBR: Tikhoza kulankhulana ndi bungwe loyang'anira lachitatu kuti tipeze satifiketi ya IBR malinga ndi zosowa zanu, mabungwe athu owunikira mogwirizana ndi BV, SGS, TUV, ndi zina zotero;
TSIRIZA: Mapeto a chitoliro chosalala, chopindika, kapena chophatikizika;
Pamwamba: Chitoliro chopepuka, utoto, ndi chitetezo china cha kanthawi kochepa, kuchotsa ndi kupukuta dzimbiri, galvanized ndi pulasitiki yokutidwa, ndi chitetezo china cha nthawi yayitali;
Kulongedza: Chikwama chamatabwa, lamba wachitsulo kapena waya wachitsulo, choteteza kumapeto kwa chitoliro cha pulasitiki kapena chachitsulo, ndi zina zotero.
