ASTM A334Giredi 6ndi chitoliro cha chitsulo cha kaboni champhamvu kwambiri, chotentha pang'ono chokhala ndi kaboni wokwanira wa 0.30%, kuchuluka kwa manganese kwa 0.29-1.06%, mphamvu yocheperako yogwira ntchito ya 415Mpa (60ksi), ndi mphamvu yotulutsa ya 240Mp (35ksi).
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo opangira gasi wachilengedwe wosungunuka, uinjiniya wa polar, ndi ukadaulo woziziritsa, zomwe zimasintha kukhala malo otentha kwambiri.
ASTM A334ndi muyezo wokhazikika wa mapaipi opanda msoko komanso olumikizidwa a kaboni ndi zitsulo za alloy kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda phokoso.
Pali magiredi angapo kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
Giredi 1, Giredi 3, Giredi 6, Giredi 7, Giredi 8, Giredi 9, ndi Giredi 11.
Giredi 1ndipo Giredi 6 zonse ndi mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A334 Giredi 6 chingapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopanda msoko kapena zolumikizidwa.
Njira zowotcherera zimaphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana mongakuwotcherera kokana magetsi (ERW)ndikuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pa madzi (SAW).
Pansipa, pali njira yopangiraKuwotcherera kwa Arc Submerged Arc Longitudinal (LSAW).
Monga opanga machubu achitsulo olumikizidwa, timatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala athu osiyanasiyana, kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu kuti tiwonetsetse kuti ntchito ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri pa ntchito iliyonse.
Kuwotcherera kwa chubu cha LSAW chopangidwa ndi chidutswa chimodzi kumawonjezera mphamvu yonse ya chubucho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizitha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndi yoyenera kwambiri popanga chitoliro chachitsulo chachikulu komanso chokhuthala chomwe chimakwaniritsa zosowa za ASTM A334 Giredi 6 m'mafakitale akuluakulu komanso njira zoperekera mphamvu, monga pomanga malo akuluakulu opangira gasi wachilengedwe (LNG).
Nthawi yomweyo, kuwongolera kolondola kwa miyeso kumatsimikizira kuti mapaipi ali ndi mainchesi ofanana komanso makulidwe a makoma kuti pakhale kudalirika kolumikizana komanso kupewa kutuluka kwa madzi m'mapaipi.
Sinthani kutentha mwa kutentha kofanana kwa osachepera 1550 °F [845 °C] ndikuziziritsa mumlengalenga kapena m'chipinda choziziritsira cha ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi mlengalenga.
Ngati kutenthetsa kukufunika, kuyenera kukambidwanso.
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A334 Giredi 6 kamapangidwira kuti katsimikizire kuti makinawo ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira pa kutentha kochepa komanso kuti akhale olimba mokwanira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito modalirika pakakhala zovuta kwambiri.
| Giredi | C (Kaboni) | Mn (Manganese) | P (Phosphorus) | S (Sulfure) | Si (Silikoni) |
| Giredi 6 | 0.30 yokwanira | 0.29-1.06 | malire 0.025 | malire 0.025 | mphindi 0.10 |
| Pa kuchepetsa kulikonse kwa 0.01% kaboni pansi pa 0.30%, kuwonjezeka kwa 0.05% manganese pamwamba pa 1.06% kudzaloledwa kufika pa 1.35% manganese. | |||||
Pa zitsulo za Giredi 1 kapena Giredi 6, siziloledwa kupereka mitundu yolumikizira zinthu zina kupatula zomwe zimafunika mwachindunji. Komabe, ndizololedwa kuwonjezera zinthu zofunika kuti chitsulocho chichotsedwe mu okosijeni.
Kuyesa kwa mphamvu pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha Giredi 6 kumachitika pa -45°C [-50°F] ngati njira yotsimikizira kulimba ndi kukana mphamvu kwa zinthuzo m'malo otentha kwambiri.
Mayesowa adachitika posankha mphamvu yoyenera yokhudza mphamvu yamagetsi kutengera makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo.
Mawerengedwe a kutalika kocheperako kwa 1/32 inchi [0.80 mm] kutsika kulikonse kwa makulidwe a khoma.
| Giredi | Rockwell | Brinell |
| ASTM A334 Giredi 6 | B 90 | 190 |
Chitoliro chilichonse chiyenera kuyesedwa popanda kuwonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi kapena madzi motsatira Specification A1016/A1016M.
Pokhapokha ngati patchulidwa mwanjira ina mu dongosolo logulira, mtundu wa mayeso omwe agwiritsidwe ntchito udzakhala wosankhidwa ndi wopanga.
Mayeso Ophwanyika
Mayeso a Kuwala (Machubu Opanda Msoko)
Mayeso a Flange (Machubu Osefedwa)
Mayeso Osinthira Ozungulira
1. Malo osungira mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka (LNG): Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zotentha pang'ono, chitoliro chachitsulo cha Giredi 6 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga, kusungira ndi kunyamula LNG. Malo amenewa amafunikira zipangizo zomwe zimasunga mphamvu zambiri komanso zolimba bwino pa kutentha kochepa kwambiri.
2. Machitidwe oyendera mafuta ndi gasi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula ma hydrocarbon amadzimadzi kapena a gasi, monga liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ndi madzi ena otsika kutentha m'malo otentha pang'ono.
3. Ukadaulo wa firiji ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zoziziraIzi zikugwiranso ntchito ku madera ena aukadaulo wa firiji, monga makina oziziritsa ndi osungira ozizira pokonza chakudya ndi njira zina zamankhwala zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kochepa.
4. Uinjiniya wa polar: Mu mapulojekiti aukadaulo m'madera akumpoto, monga malo ofufuzira asayansi ku Arctic kapena Antarctica, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumanga makina oyendetsera katundu ndi nyumba zokhazikika komanso zodalirika zomwe ziyenera kupirira kutentha kozizira kwambiri komanso nyengo yoipa yachilengedwe.
5. Makina oziziritsira mpweya ndi zosinthira kutentha: Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'makina akuluakulu oziziritsira mpweya ndi zosinthira kutentha, zomwe zimafunika kugwira ntchito bwino kutentha kochepa kuti zitsimikizire kuti makinawo amagwira ntchito bwino komanso otetezeka.
6. Uinjiniya wamagetsi ndi malo opangira magetsi: Mu mapulojekiti apadera aukadaulo wamagetsi, monga mitundu ina ya malo opangira magetsi, machubu achitsulo a Giredi 6 angagwiritsidwe ntchito posamalira madzi kapena mpweya pa kutentha kochepa kuti atsimikizire kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito bwino komanso motetezeka.
EN 10216-4:P265NL: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazitseko zopopera mpweya ndi mapaipi a cryogenic, ili ndi kulimba bwino komanso mphamvu ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opopera mpweya.
DIN 17173:TTSt41N: Yopangidwira ntchito zotentha pang'ono, imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri kutentha pang'ono ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida ndi mapaipi omwe amafunika malo ogwirira ntchito otentha kwambiri.
JIS G3460:STPL46: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa mapaipi m'malo otentha pang'ono, omwe amatha kupirira zovuta zina ndi kupsinjika pang'ono kutentha.
GB/T 18984:09Mn2V: Chida ichi chapangidwa mwapadera popanga machubu achitsulo opanda msoko kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo otentha pang'ono, okhala ndi kulimba kwabwino komanso kukana ming'alu.
Posankha zinthu zofananazi, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe ake a makina zikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsira ntchito komanso zofunikira pakugwira ntchito.
Magawo awa ayenera kuyerekezeredwa mwatsatanetsatane ndipo njira zina zoyesera ndi kutsimikizira zingafunike kuti zitsimikizire kuyenerera ndi magwiridwe antchito a zinthuzo.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboniKumpoto kwa China, kumadziwika ndi ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino. Kampaniyo imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange.
Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopangidwa ndi austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
