ASTM A312 (ASME SA312) ndi muyezo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, omwe amaphimba mitundu ya mapaipi opanda msoko, olumikizidwa, komanso ozizira kwambiri. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso owononga. Muyesowu umaphatikizapo mitundu ingapo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito, ndi mitundu wamba mongaTP304 (S30400), TP316 (S31600), TP304L (S30403)ndiTP316L (S31603).
Monga wogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso wodalirika ku China,Chitsulo cha Botopyadzipereka kupereka zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri za chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi mitengo yopikisana komanso kutumiza mwachangu pamapulojekiti anu. Lumikizanani nafe kuti mulandire chithandizo chodzipereka kuchokera kwa gulu lathu lodziwa zambiri.
Zipangizo zomwe zaperekedwa pansi pa ASTM A312 ziyenera kutsatira zofunikira za kope la panoASTM A999pokhapokha ngati pali njira ina apa.
Zofunikira monga kapangidwe ka mankhwala, makhalidwe a makina, kuyesa kwa hydrostatic, kuyesa kosawononga, ndi kulekerera kwa miyeso yonse ziyenera kutsatira zomwe zili mu A999.
Ma grade onse mu ASTM A312 ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, motero kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kali ndi chromium (Cr) ndi nickel (Ni) yambiri kuti zitsimikizire kukana dzimbiri, mphamvu yotentha kwambiri, komanso kulimba konse m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yogwirira ntchito.
| Giredi | Kapangidwe, % | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | |
| TP304 | 0.08 payokha | 2.00 payokha | 0.045 pasadakhale | 0.030 pasadakhale | 1.00 payokha | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 11.0 | — |
| TP304L | 0.035 pasadakhale | 2.00 payokha | 0.045 pasadakhale | 0.030 pasadakhale | 1.00 payokha | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 13.0 | — |
| TP316 | 0.08 payokha | 2.00 payokha | 0.045 pasadakhale | 0.030 pasadakhale | 1.00 payokha | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
| TP316L | 0.035 pasadakhale | 2.00 payokha | 0.045 pasadakhale | 0.030 pasadakhale | 1.00 payokha | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
Pa chitoliro cha TP316 cholumikizidwa, kuchuluka kwa nickel (Ni) kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 10.0 ndi 14.0%.
| Katundu wa Makina | TP304 / TP316 | TP304L / TP316L | |
| Zofunikira Zolimba | Kulimba kwamakokedwe | 75 ksi [515 MPa] mphindi | 70 ksi [485 MPa] mphindi |
| Mphamvu Yopereka | 30 ksi [205 MPa] mphindi | 25 ksi [170 MPa] mphindi | |
| Kutalikitsa mu mainchesi awiri kapena 50 mm | Kutalika: 35% mphindi Kuzungulira: 25% mphindi | ||
| Mayeso Ophwanyika | Mayeso opachika ayenera kuchitika pa 5% ya mapaipi ochokera ku malo aliwonse oyeretsedwa ndi kutentha. | ||
| Mayeso a Kuwola kwa Weld | Chiŵerengero cha kutayika kwa chitsulo chosungunula ku chitsulo choyambira chiyenera kukhala 0.90 mpaka 1.1. (Kuyesa sikofunikira pokhapokha ngati kwatchulidwa mu dongosolo logulira) | ||
Pamene muyezo woyesera zotsatira zantchito yotsika kutenthaNdi mphamvu yoyamwa ya 15 ft-lbf (20 J) kapena kukula kwa lateral kwa 15 mils [0.38 mm], ma grade TP304 ndi TP304L amavomerezedwa ndi ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1, ndi Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping Code, ANSI B31.3, kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa kutentha kotsika ngati -425°F [-250°C] popanda mayeso ofunikira.
Magiredi ena achitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha AISI nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa pa kutentha kwa ntchito mpaka -325°F [-200°C] popanda kuyesa kukhudza.
Njira Yopangira
Mapaipi a ASTM A312 TP304, TP316, TP304L, ndi TP316L angapangidwe m'njira zitatu:wopanda msoko(SML), njira yowotcherera yokha (WLD)ndintchito yozizira kwambiri (HCW), ndipo ikhoza kumalizidwa motentha kapena mozizira ngati pakufunika.
Kaya njira yowotcherera ndi iti, palibe chitsulo chodzaza chomwe chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa panthawi yowotcherera.
Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi chitoliro cha HCW cha NPS 14 ndi chaching'ono chiyenera kukhala ndi cholumikizira chimodzi chautali. Chitoliro cholumikizidwa ndi chitoliro cha HCW cha kukula kokulirapo kuposa NPS 14 chiyenera kukhala ndi cholumikizira chimodzi chautali kapena chiyenera kupangidwa mwa kupanga ndi kulumikiza magawo awiri a pulasitiki atavomerezedwa ndi wogula. Mayeso onse a cholumikizira, mayeso, kuwunika, kapena chithandizo ayenera kuchitidwa pa msoko uliwonse wa cholumikizira.
Kutentha Chithandizo
Mapaipi onse achitsulo a ASTM A312 ayenera kukhala ndi mankhwala otentha.
Njira yochizira kutentha kwa TP304, TP316, TP304L, ndi TP316L iyenera kuphatikizapo kutentha kwa chitolirocho mpaka madigiri 1040 Celsius (1900°F) ndi kuzimitsa m'madzi kapena kuzimitsa mofulumira ndi njira zina.
Kuzizira kuyenera kukhala kokwanira kuti tipewe kubwerezabwereza kwa carbide ndipo kungatsimikizidwe ndi kuthekera kodutsa ASTM A262, Practice E.
Pa mapaipi osapindika a A312, nthawi yomweyo atapangidwa kutentha, pomwe kutentha kwa mapaipi sikuchepera kutentha kocheperako komwe kwatchulidwa, chitoliro chilichonse chiyenera kuzimitsidwa m'madzi kapena kuziziritsidwa mwachangu ndi njira zina.
Chitoliro chilichonse chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi magetsi osawononga kapena hydrostatic test. Mtundu wa mayeso omwe agwiritsidwe ntchito uyenera kusankhidwa ndi wopanga, pokhapokha ngati patchulidwa mwanjira ina mu dongosolo logulira.
Njira zoyesera ziyenera kuchitika motsatira zofunikira za ASTM A999.
Pa mapaipi okhala ndi zolumikizira zofanana kapena zazikulu kuposa NPS 10, mayeso a dongosolo angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa mayeso a hydrostatic. Ngati mayeso a hydrostatic sanachitike, chizindikirocho chiyenera kukhala ndi "NH".
Mapaipi omalizidwa ayenera kukhala owongoka bwino ndipo akhale ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi a munthu wopangidwa ndi manja.
Chitolirocho chikhale chopanda kukula komanso chodetsa tinthu tachitsulo tochokera kunja. Kuchisa, kuphulitsa, kapena kumaliza pamwamba sikofunikira ngati chitolirocho chaphimbidwa bwino. Wogula amaloledwa kufunsa kuti chitolirocho chigwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda mphamvu.
Kuchotsa zolakwika popukuta ndikololedwa, bola ngati makulidwe a khoma sakuchepetsedwa kufika pamlingo wochepera womwe waloledwa mu Gawo 9 la ASTM A999.
| Wopanga NPS | Kulekerera, % mawonekedwe Dzina | |
| Yatha | Pansi | |
| 1/8 mpaka 2 1/2 kuphatikiza, ma ratios onse a t/D | 20.0 | 12.5 |
| 3 mpaka 18 kuphatikiza t/D mpaka 5% kuphatikiza. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 3 mpaka 18 kuphatikiza t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
| 20 kapena kuposerapo, zolumikizidwa, zonse zoyezera t/D | 17.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 kapena kuposerapo, yopanda msoko, t/D mpaka 5% kuphatikiza. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 kapena kuposerapo, yopanda msoko, t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
t = Kukhuthala kwa Khoma Lodziwika; D = Kukula kwa Khoma Lochokera Kunja.
Botop Steel imapereka njira zingapo zopakira zinthu pa ntchito zanu, kuyambira kulongedza matumba opangidwa ndi nsalu ndi kulongedza matumba apulasitiki mpaka kulongedza matumba amatabwa, kuonetsetsa kuti zinthuzo zikuyendetsedwa bwino, zikutetezedwa panthawi yonyamula katundu, komanso zikutsatira zofunikira pa ntchitoyo.
Zipangizo:mapaipi ndi zolumikizira zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ASTM A312;
Giredi:TP304, TP316, TP304L, ndi TP316L
Kukula:1/8" mpaka 30", kapena kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna;
Utali:Kutalika kosasinthika kapena kudula motsatira dongosolo;
Kupaka:Matumba opangidwa ndi nsalu, matumba apulasitiki, mabokosi amatabwa, ndi zina zotero.
Thandizo:EXW, FOB, CIF, CFR;
MOQ:1 m;
Malamulo Olipira:T/T kapena L/C;
Mtengo:Lumikizanani nafe kuti mudziwe mitengo yaposachedwa.
