ASTM A252 Giredi 3ndiye chinthu chofala kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro chozungulira.
Mapaipi achitsulo a Giredi 3 samangokhala njira yopangira yokha ndipo amatha kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira mapaipi, kuphatikizapoSMLS(yopanda msoko),SAW(wolumikizidwa ndi arc pansi pa madzi), ndiEFW(electro-fusion welded). Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumalola kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za uinjiniya ndi zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Popeza ndi yapamwamba kwambiri mu muyezo wa A52, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakanika zokhala ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 310 MPa ndi mphamvu yocheperako ya 455 MPa ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo lokhazikika lonyamula katundu kapena ngati chipolopolo cha milu ya konkire yoponyedwa m'malo mwake.
TheASTM A252Standard imagawa mapaipi achitsulo m'magulu atatu kuti agwirizane ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zofunikira pakunyamula katundu. Magulu atatuwa ndi awa:
Giredi 1, Giredi 2, ndi Giredi 3.
Kampaniyo yakhazikitsa zida zonse zopangira mapaipi achitsulo a JCOE LSAW apamwamba komanso zida zoyesera, zomwe zimapangidwira kwambiri popanga mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW okhala ndi makoma okhuthala komanso akuluakulu okhala ndi DSAW (kuwotcherera arc yodzaza ndi mbali ziwiri).
Mafotokozedwe a malonda ndi awa:
M'mimba mwake wakunja: DN 350 – 1500;
Kukhuthala kwa Khoma: 8 - 80 mm;
Milu ya mapaipi iyenera kukhala yopanda kanthu.
Malekezero ake ayenera kudulidwa ngati lawi kapena kudula ngati makina ndikuchotsedwa moto.
Kutengera pamalekezero opindika, ngodya ya kumapeto kopindika iyenera kukhala30 - 35°.
Chitsulo cha Botopimapereka mapaipi achitsulo apamwamba kwambiri a ASTM A52. Chonde musazengereze kulankhulana nafe kuti mudziwe zomwe mukufuna.
Chitsulocho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi njira imodzi kapena zingapo zotsatirazi: moto wotseguka, mpweya woyambira, kapena ng'anjo yamagetsi.
A252 iyenera kupangidwa ndiwopanda msoko, kukana kwamagetsi kolumikizidwa, cholukidwa ndi flashkapenacholukidwa chosakanikirananjira.
Mizere ya mapaipi olumikizidwa iyenera kukhalanthawi yayitali, matako ozungulirakapenachozungulira cha helical.
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mapaipi achitsulo ndi abwino komanso amagwira ntchito bwino, ndikofunikira kusankha njira yoyenera yopangira.
Njira ya LSAW (SAWL) ndi yabwino kwambiri pa chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi makoma akuluakulu komanso okhuthala., makamaka m'mapulojekiti omanga ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri zonyamula katundu komanso maziko ozama. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zapamwamba, mphamvu zonyamula katundu, komanso kusinthasintha kwa kuya, imatha kusintha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovuta za geological pamene ikupereka ubwino wokhazikitsa mwachangu komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
JCOENdi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo cha LSAW, chomwe chili ndi ubwino wa kuchita bwino kwambiri, khalidwe lapamwamba, kupanga kwakukulu m'mimba mwake, kulondola kwa miyeso, kusinthasintha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira chitoliro m'mapulojekiti ambiri akuluakulu aukadaulo.
Chitsulocho chiyenera kukhala ndiosapitirira 0.050% phosphorous.
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa phosphorous mu chitsulo ndiko kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulocho chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakanika, makamaka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu monga kumanga nyumba.
Kuletsa kumeneku kumathandiza kuti chitsulocho chisasweke kwambiri kutentha kochepa, motero kuonetsetsa kuti chili chotetezeka komanso chodalirika pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Pazinthu zina zomwe zili mkati, palibe zofunikira.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa cholinga chachikulu cha machubu a mapaipi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti machubuwo ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kulimba, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pothandizira.
Pa machubu opangidwa ndi machubu, chisamaliro chachikulu chimaperekedwa ku mphamvu ya makina a machubu, monga mphamvu yotulutsa, mphamvu yokoka, ndi kulimba, chifukwa zinthuzi zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mphamvu yonyamula katundu komanso kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe ka machubu opangidwa ndi machubu pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera.
AGome 2 limapereka miyeso yocheperako yowerengedwa:
Ngati makulidwe a khoma omwe atchulidwa ali pakati pa omwe awonetsedwa pamwambapa, mtengo wocheperako wa kutalika kwa khoma udzatsimikiziridwa motere:
Kalasi 3: E = 32t + 10.00 [E = 1.25t + 10.00]
E: kutalika kwa mainchesi awiri [50.8 mm], %;
t: makulidwe a khoma odziwika bwino, mu. [mm].
Muyezo wa ASTM A252 Giredi 3 umatsimikizira chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa milu ya machubu omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito poika zofunikira zochepa pazikhalidwe izi zamakina.
Pa miyeso ya chitoliro yomwe sinatchulidwe m'matebulo olemera a chitoliro, kulemera pa unit kutalika kumatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula.
w = C×(Dt)×t
w: kulemera pa unit length, Ilb/ft [kg/m];
D: m'mimba mwake wakunja wotchulidwa, mkati [mm];
t: makulidwe a khoma odziwika bwino, mu. [mm];
C: 0.0246615 pakuwerengera mu mayunitsi a SI ndi 10.69 pakuwerengera mu mayunitsi a USC.
Mawerengedwe omwe ali pamwambapa akuchokera pa lingaliro lakuti kuchuluka kwa chitoliro chachitsulo ndi 7.85 kg/dm³.
ASTM A252 Giredi 3 ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba kwa nthaka zosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira zonyamula katundu. Chitoliro chachitsulo ichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magwiritsidwe ntchito otsatirawa:
1. Kumanga mazikoChitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A252 Giredi 3 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maziko a milu pa ntchito yomanga maziko a nyumba zazitali, milatho, ndi nyumba zina zazikulu kuti zipereke chithandizo chofunikira komanso kukhazikika.
2. Madoko ndi madoko: Mapaipi achitsulo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga madoko ndi madoko kuti atsimikizire kuti nyumbayo imatha kupirira kukhudzidwa ndi zombo komanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe cha m'nyanja. Pofuna kulimbitsa kulimba ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa mapaipi achitsulo, nthawi zambiri amapaka zokutira kuti apereke chitetezo chowonjezera.
3. Mafakitale a MadziChitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A252 Giredi 3 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa magombe a mitsinje ndikupereka chitetezo cha kusefukira kwa madzi pomanga madamu, maloko, ndi malo ena osungira madzi.
4. Mapulojekiti a mphamvu: Mu mphamvu ya mphepo, makina opangira mafuta, ndi mapulojekiti ena opangira mphamvu, mapaipi achitsulo awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zothandizira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zipangizozi zikugwira ntchito bwino.
5. Malo oyenderaChitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A252 Giredi 3 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga njanji, misewu ikuluikulu, ndi misewu ya ndege kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu zokwanira zonyamula katundu komanso kulimba.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014,Chitsulo cha Botopwakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni kumpoto kwa China, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino.
Chitsulo cha Botopimapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange. Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso ma alloys apamwamba ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
Chitoliro cha ASTM A252 GR.2 GR.3 Chopanda Msoko cha Zitsulo
Chitoliro cha ASTM A252 GR.3 SSAW Chitsulo
Chitoliro chachitsulo chamadzi cha AS 1579 SSAW ndi Mulu wachitsulo
EN10219 S355J0H LSAW(JCOE) Chitoliro cha Chitsulo
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ERW cha EN 10219 S275J0H/S275J2H cha kapangidwe kake
Chitoliro cha BS EN10210 S355J0H Chopanda Msoko cha Kaboni
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha EN10210 S355J2H
Chitoliro Chopopera Chopopera Chopopera cha API 5L PSL1 & PSL2 GR.B Longitudinal Drived-Arc Welded
Machubu Opangira Kapangidwe ka Chitsulo cha Kaboni cha ASTM A501 Giredi B LSAW
Chitoliro cha ASTM A672 B60/B70/C60/C65/C70 LSAW Carbon Steel
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A671/A671M LSAW
Chitsulo Chopanda Msoko cha ASTM A500 Giredi C
