ASTM A106chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chopanda msokochitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboniyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri monga mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi, mafakitale amagetsi ndi mafakitale a mankhwala.
Makamaka,ASTM A106 Giredi BMachubu ndi otchuka kwambiri pa ntchito zambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa makina ambiri omanga komanso mtengo wake wotsika.
ASME SA106 = ASTM A106.
ASME SA106 ndi ASTM A106 ndi ofanana pankhani ya zipangizo ndi katundu, ndipo ali ndi zofunikira zomwezo, koma ali m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana ofalitsa miyezo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana a satifiketi.
M'mimba mwake mwa dzina: DN 6 - DN 1200 [NPS 1/8 - NPS 48];
M'mimba mwake wakunja: 10.3 - 1219 mm [0.405 - 48 in.];
Makulidwe a khomamonga momwe zasonyezedwera muASME B 36.10.
Magulu odziwika bwino a makulidwe a khoma ndi awa:Ndandanda 40ndiNdandanda 80.
Mapaipi a kukula kwina kupatula muyezo angagwiritsidwe ntchito, bola ngati akukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zonse za malamulo awa.
TheASTM A106Standard ili ndi magiredi atatu osiyana,Giredi A, Giredi B, ndi Giredi C.
Mphamvu yogwira ntchito komanso mphamvu yokoka imawonjezeka ndi mtundu wake, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito.
Chitsulo chiyenera kuphedwa ndi chitsulo.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A106 chiyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchitonjira yopangira yopanda msoko.
Kutengera kukula kwa chitoliro ndi momwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri:yotentha kwambirindiyokokedwa ndi oziziramitundu.
DN ≤ 40 [NPS ≤ 1 1/2], imatha kupanga chokometsera chotentha kapena chozizira, makamaka chokometsera chozizira.
DN ≥ 50 [NPS ≥ 2] iyenera kumalizidwa bwino. Machubu achitsulo opanda msoko okokedwa ndi ozizira amapezekanso ngati muwapempha.
Pansipa pali chithunzi cha njira yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko chomalizidwa ndi moto.
Ma schematics a flow chart opangidwa mozizira amatha kuwonedwa podina paMachubu a Chitsulo Chopanda Mpweya cha ASTM A556 Chozizira Chojambulidwa.
Machubu achitsulo opanda msoko omalizidwa bwino komanso okokedwa ozizira ali ndi mawonekedwe a makina, mawonekedwe a pamwamba, komanso kulondola kwa mawonekedwe kuwonjezera pa kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe.
Machubu omalizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri amapangidwa kutentha kwambiri ndipo amakhala olimba bwino koma malo olimba komanso olondola pang'ono; pomwe machubu okokedwa ndi ozizira amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, malo osalala, komanso kuwongolera kolondola kwa mawonekedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito omwe amafunikira kulondola kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito.
Yokokedwa ndi oziziramapaipi ayenera kutenthedwa ndi kutentha1200°F [650°C]kapena kupitirira apo pambuyo pojambula komaliza kozizira.
Yomalizidwa bwinoMachubu achitsulo nthawi zambiri safuna kutentha kwina.
Ngati pakufunika chithandizo cha kutentha pa chitoliro chachitsulo chomalizidwa ndi moto, kutentha kwa chithandizo cha kutentha kuyenera kukhala kokwera kuposa1500°F [650°C].
Kuchiza kutentha kumawongolera kapangidwe ka chubu, kumawongolera makhalidwe a makina, kumawonjezera kukana dzimbiri, kumawongolera magwiridwe antchito, kumawonetsetsa kuti chikhale chokhazikika, komanso kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za miyezo inayake, motero kumawonjezera kwambiri magwiridwe antchito onse ndi kuyenerera kwa chubucho.
a Pa kuchepetsa kulikonse kwa 0.01% pansi pa carbon maximum yomwe yatchulidwa, kuwonjezeka kwa 0.06% ya manganese pamwamba pa 1.35% kudzaloledwa.
b Pokhapokha ngati wogula wanena mwanjira ina, pa kuchepetsa kulikonse kwa 0.01% pansi pa carbon maximum yomwe yatchulidwa, kuwonjezeka kwa 0.06% ya manganese pamwamba pa 1.65% kudzaloledwa.
cCr, Cu, Mo, Ni, ndi V sayenera kupitirira 1% ya zonse zomwe zili mu zinthu zisanuzi.
Magiredi A, B ndi Czimasiyana mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala awo, makamaka pankhani ya kuchuluka kwa kaboni ndi manganese.
Kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudza momwe makina amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe machubu amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Kaya imakhala ndi mpweya wambiri, chitolirocho chimakhala cholimba, koma kulimba kwake kungachepe. Kuwonjezeka kwa manganese kumathandizira kulimba ndi kuuma kwa chitsulocho.
Katundu Wolimba
A: Kutalika kochepa kwa mainchesi awiri [50 mm] kudzatsimikiziridwa ndi equation yotsatirayi:
Mayunitsi a inchi-mapaundi:e = 625,000A0.2/UO.9
Magawo a Sl:e = 1940A0.2/U0.9
e: kutalika kochepa mu mainchesi awiri [50 mm], %, kozungulira kufika pa 0.5% yapafupi,
A: gawo lopingasa la chitsanzo choyesera mphamvu, mu.2[mm2], kutengera mainchesi akunja otchulidwa kapena m'lifupi mwa chitsanzo ndi makulidwe a khoma otchulidwa, ozunguliridwa kufika pa mainchesi 0.01 apafupi2[1 mm]2].
(Ngati dera lomwe lawerengedwa ndi lofanana kapena lalikulu kuposa 0.75 inchi2[500 mm]2], ndiye mtengo wake ndi 0.75 mu2[500 mm]2] iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.)
U: mphamvu yokhazikika yodziwika, psi [MPa].
Mayeso Opindika
Pa mapaipi a DN 50 [NPS 2] ndi ang'onoang'ono, payenera kukhala kutalika kokwanira kwa chitoliro kuti chitolirocho chipitirire kupindika kozizira pa 90° popanda kusweka mozungulira mandrel yozungulira yokhala ndi mainchesi 12 kuposa mainchesi akunja a chitolirocho.
Pa OD > 25in. [635mm], ngati OD/T ≤ 7, mayeso opindika amafunika kuti mupindike 180° popanda kusweka kutentha kwa chipinda. M'mimba mwake mwa gawo lopindika ndi 1in.
Mayeso Ophwanyika
Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha ASTM A106 sichifunika kuyesedwa bwino, koma magwiridwe antchito a chitolirocho ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwezo.
Pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero, chitoliro chilichonse chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi madzi kapena kuyesedwa ndi magetsi osawononga, ndipo nthawi zina zonse ziwiri.
Ngati palibe mayeso owononga kapena osawononga omwe anachitika, chitolirocho chiyenera kulembedwa ndi "NH".
Mayeso a Hydrostatic
Kufunika kwa mphamvu ya madzi sikuyenera kupitirira 60% ya mphamvu yocheperako yomwe yatchulidwa.
Ikhoza kuwerengedwa ndi fomula iyi:
P = 2St/D
P = kuthamanga kwa mayeso a hydrostatic mu psi kapena MPa,
S = kupsinjika kwa khoma la chitoliro mu psi kapena MPa,
t = makulidwe a khoma odziwika bwino, makulidwe a khoma odziwika bwino ofanana ndi nambala ya ndandanda ya ANSI yodziwika bwino, kapena nthawi 1.143 makulidwe a khoma ochepa kwambiri omwe adatchulidwa, mu. [mm],
D = mainchesi akunja otchulidwa, mainchesi akunja ogwirizana ndi kukula kwa chitoliro cha ANSI chotchulidwa, kapena mainchesi akunja owerengedwa powonjezera 2t (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) ku mainchesi amkati otchulidwa, mu. [mm].
Ngati mayeso a kuthamanga kwa madzi achitika, chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kulembedwa ndikupanikizika koyesa.
Mayeso Amagetsi Osawononga
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina m'malo mwa kuyesa kwa hydrostatic.
Thupi lonse la chitoliro chilichonse liyenera kuyesedwa magetsi mosawononga motsatira malamulo aE213, E309kapenaE570zofunikira.
Ngati mayeso osawononga achitika, "NDE"Ziyenera kulembedwa pamwamba pa chitolirocho."
Misa
Kulemera kwenikweni kwa chitolirocho kuyenera kukhala pakati pa97.5% - 110%ya kulemera komwe kwatchulidwa.
M'mimba mwake wakunja
Kukhuthala
Kukhuthala kocheperako kwa khoma = 87.5% ya makulidwe a khoma omwe atchulidwa.
Kutalika
Ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awirikutalika kotchulidwa, kutalika kosankhanandikutalika kawiri mwachisawawa.
Kutalika kotchulidwa: monga momwe lamulo limafunira.
Utali umodzi mwachisawawa: 4.8-6.7 m [16-22ft].
5% ya kutalika kwake ndi yololedwa kukhala yochepera mamita 4.8 [16 ft], koma osati yochepera mamita 3.7 [12 ft].
Kutalika kawiri mwachisawawa: Kutalika kochepa kwambiri ndi mamita 10.7 [35 ft] ndipo kutalika kochepa ndi mamita 6.7 [22 ft].
Kutalika kwake ndi kosakwana mamita 6.7 [22 ft], koma osapitirira mamita 4.8 [16 ft].
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A106 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri komanso kupsinjika.
1. Makampani amafuta ndi gasiChitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A106 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi akutali, zida zobowolera, ndi mafakitale oyeretsera, komwe kukana kwake kutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kumatsimikizira chitetezo ndi kudalirika m'malo ovuta.
2. Malo opangira magetsi: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi a boiler okhala ndi kutentha kwambiri, otenthetsera kutentha, ndi makina otumizira nthunzi okhala ndi kuthamanga kwambiri kuti apereke magwiridwe antchito okhazikika komanso moyo wautali wautumiki pansi pa mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri.
3. Zomera zamankhwalaMachubu achitsulo a ASTM A106 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opanga mapaipi a ma reactor amphamvu, ziwiya zopondereza, nsanja zoyeretsera, ndi ma condenser, komwe amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri ndi mankhwala owononga kuti atsimikizire kuti njirayo ndi yotetezeka komanso yogwira ntchito bwino.
4. Nyumba ndi zomangamanga: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina otenthetsera, opumira mpweya, ndi oziziritsa mpweya (HVAC) komanso makina oteteza moto amphamvu kuti atsimikizire kuti makinawo amagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti ali otetezeka m'nyumba.
ASTM A53 Giredi BndiAPI 5L Giredi B ndi njira zina zodziwika bwino m'malo mwa ASTM A106 Giredi B.
Pa chizindikiro cha chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko, nthawi zambiri timawona chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chimakwaniritsa miyezo itatuyi nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ali ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu pankhani ya kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mphamvu zamakina, ndi zina zotero.
Kuwonjezera pa zipangizo zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, palinso miyezo ina yofanana ndi ASTM A106 pankhani ya kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mphamvu za makina.
GB/T 5310: Ikani pa chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pa boiler yamphamvu kwambiri.
JIS G3454: Pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chopangira mapaipi opanikizika.
JIS G3455: Yoyenera chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni cha mapaipi amphamvu kwambiri.
JIS G3456Mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni a mapaipi otentha kwambiri.
EN 10216-2: Machubu achitsulo opanda msoko ogwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
EN 10217-2Mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
GOST 8732: Machubu achitsulo opindidwa ndi kutentha osasemphana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mphamvu yamagetsi komanso kutentha kwambiri.
Chitoliro chilichonse cha ASTM A106 chopanda chitsulo chakhala chikuyang'aniridwa mosamala kapena kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri ena tisanachoke ku fakitale, zomwe ndi kulimbikira kwathu pa khalidwe ndi kudzipereka kwathu kosasintha kwa makasitomala.
Kuyang'anira Makulidwe Akunja
Kuyang'anira Kukhuthala kwa Khoma
Kuyang'anira Kuwongoka
Kuyendera kwa UT
Kuyendera Mapeto
Kuyang'ana Maonekedwe
Ngakhale tikuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zathu zili bwino, timaperekanso njira zosiyanasiyana zopakira kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana zoyendera ndi kusungiramo zinthu. Kuyambira zomangira zachikhalidwe mpaka zomangira zodzitetezera, tadzipereka kupereka chitetezo chabwino kwambiri pa kutumiza kulikonse kwa machubu achitsulo kuti tiwonetsetse kuti akufikirani bwino komanso popanda kuwonongeka.
Chithunzi Chakuda
Zipewa zapulasitiki
3LPE
Chokulungira
Chitsulo chopangidwa ndi galvanized
Kumanga ndi Kupalasa
Ndemanga izi sizimangozindikira ubwino wa zinthu zathu komanso kudzipereka kwathu pantchito. Tikuyembekezera kugwira nanu ntchito limodzi kuti tipereke mayankho oyenera a ASTM A106 GR.B a mapaipi achitsulo pamapulojekiti anu ndi ntchito yaukadaulo komanso yothandiza.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014,Chitsulo cha Botopwakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni kumpoto kwa China, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino.
Kampaniyo imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange. Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
Chitoliro cha ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B Carbon Seamless Steel Pipeline cha Mafuta ndi Gasi
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Chitoliro cha ASTM A334 Giredi 1 Chopanda Msoko cha Kaboni
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Chitoliro chachitsulo chopanda msoko cha JIS G3455 STS370 Chothandizira Kupanikizika Kwambiri
Machubu a ASTM A192 Boiler Carbon Steel a High Pressure
Chitoliro cha JIS G 3461 STB340 Chopanda Msoko cha Chitsulo cha Carbon
Machubu a Chitsulo Opanda Msoko a AS 1074 Ogwira Ntchito Zambale
Chitoliro cha API 5L GR.B Cholemera cha Khoma Chopanda Msoko Chopanda Chitsulo Chopangira Makina
Chitoliro cha ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B Carbon Seamless Steel Pipeline cha Mafuta ndi Gasi
