Chitoliro chachitsulo cha AS 1579ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi butt weld chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ponyamula madzi ndi madzi otayira okhala ndi mainchesi akunja a ≥ 114 mm komanso mapaipi okhala ndi kuthamanga kosapitirira 6.8 MPa.
Milu ya mapaipi ndi ziwalo zozungulira zomwe zimalowa m'nthaka ndipo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito polamulira kuthamanga kwa mpweya mkati.
M'mimba mwake wakunja ndi 114mm, ngakhale palibe malire enieni pa kukula kwa chitoliro koma kukula komwe kumakondedwa kumaperekedwa.
Iyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chotenthedwa chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chofufuzidwa kapena chopangidwa ndi AS/NZS 1594 kapena AS/NZS 3678.
Kutengera ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kumapeto, akadali m'gulu motere:
Mapaipi oyesedwa ndi madziziyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku kusanthula kapena kapangidwe ka chitsulo chotenthedwa cholumikizidwa mogwirizana ndi AS/NZS 1594 kapena AS/NZS 3678.
Milu ndi chitoliro chosayesedwa ndi madziziyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mtundu wofanana ndi AS/NZS 1594 kapena AS/NZS 3678.
Kapenanso,miluZingapangidwe kuchokera ku kalasi yowunikira mogwirizana ndi AS/NZS 1594., pomwe chitsulocho chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi makina motsatira AS 1391 kuti chiwonetse kuti chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zomangika zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi wogula.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha AS 1579 chimapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchitokuwotcherera kwa arc.
Ma weld onse ayenera kukhala ma weld opindika bwino.
Kuwotcherera kwa Arc kumagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa arc yamagetsi kusungunula zinthu zachitsulo ndikupanga cholumikizira cholumikizidwa pakati pa zitsulozo kuti apange chitoliro chachitsulo chopitilira.
Njira yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri yopangira ma arc welding ndi SAW (Submerged Arc Welding), yomwe imadziwikanso kutiDSAW, zomwe zingagawidwe m'maguluLSAW(SAWL) ndi SSAW (HSAW) molingana ndi malangizo a chotchingira matako.
Kuwonjezera pa SAW, palinso mitundu ina ya arc welding monga GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, ndi SMAW. Njira zosiyanasiyana zowetera arc zili ndi makhalidwe awoawo komanso momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo kusankha njira yoyenera yowetera kumadalira zomwe zafotokozedwa pa chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chikupangidwa, bajeti, ndi zofunikira pa khalidwe.
Miyezo yokha siitchula mwachindunji kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a makina, chifukwa izi nthawi zambiri zimadalira miyezo yeniyeni yachitsulo monga AS/NZS 1594 kapena AS/NZS 3678, yomwe imafotokoza zofunikira za mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe a makina achitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga machubu awa.
AS 1579 imangotchula chofanana ndi kaboni chokha.
Chofanana ndi kaboni (CE) cha chitsulocho sichiyenera kupitirira 0.40.
CE=Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15
CE ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kuthekera kwa kusungunula kwa chitsulo. Chimathandiza kuneneratu kuuma komwe kungachitike mu chitsulo pambuyo posungunula ndikuyesa kuthekera kwake kusungunula.
Kuyesa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi madzi kumafunika pa chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo chamadzi kapena madzi otayira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula.
Milu ya mapaipi nthawi zambiri siifunika kuyesedwa ndi madzi chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kunyamula katundu womangidwa m'malo mokakamiza mkati.
Mfundo Zoyesera
Chitolirocho chimatsekedwa kumapeto onse ndipo chimapanikizika ndi hydrostatic.
Imafufuzidwa ngati ili ndi mphamvu pa mphamvu yomwe ikuyimira mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka chitoliro. Imafufuzidwa ngati ili ndi mphamvu yotuluka pa mphamvu ya chitoliro.
Mavuto Oyesera
Kupanikizika kwakukulu kwa chitoliro chachitsulo ndi 6.8 MPa. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kumeneku kumalamulidwa ndi malire a zida zoyesera kuthamanga kwa 8.5 MPa.
Pr= 0.72×(2×SMYS×t)/OD kapena Pr= 0.72×(2×NMYS×t)/OD
Pr: Kupanikizika koyesedwa, mu MPa;
SMYS: Mphamvu yocheperako yopezera phindu, mu MPa;
NMYS: Mphamvu yocheperako yopezera phindu, mu MPa;
t: Kukhuthala kwa khoma, mu mm;
OD: M'mimba mwake wakunja, mu mm.
Pazifukwa zadzidzidzi, kupanikizika kwakanthawi kungayambitse kuwonjezeka kwa kupsinjika kwa mapaipi. Pansi pa izi, kupsinjika kwakukulu kovomerezeka kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi wopanga, koma kuyenera kusapitirira 0.90 x SMYS.
Pt= 1.25Pr
Pambuyo pa mayeso a mphamvu, sipadzakhala kuphulika kapena kutayikira mu chitoliro choyesera.
90% ya mphamvu yocheperako yopezera mphamvu (SMYS) kapena mphamvu yocheperako yopezera mphamvu (NMYS) kapena 8.5 MPa, iliyonse yomwe ndi yocheperako.
Pl= Pr
Kuyesa kutayikira kwa madzi kuyenera kuchitika pa chitolirocho.
Mukayesa kutayikira kwa madzi, sipadzakhala kutayikira kulikonse komwe kungawonekere pamwamba pa chitoliro.
Mapaipi onse oyesera osagwiritsa ntchito madzi ayenera kukhala ndi makulidwe a khoma osachepera 8.0 mm.
Chitoliroiyenera kuyesedwa 100% ya ma weld ake osawononga pogwiritsa ntchito njira za ultrasound kapena x-ray motsatira AS 1554.1 Category SP ndipo igwirizane ndi zofunikira zovomerezeka zomwe zatchulidwa.
Kuyesa kosawononga kwa zotchingira mulu pang'onoza mapaipiZotsatira za mayeso ziyenera kutsatira zofunikira za AS/NZS 1554.1 Class SP. Ngati kuwunikako kwawonetsa kusatsatira malamulo olembedwa, chosungunula chonse chomwe chili pa mulu wa chitolirocho chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Mapaipi ndi zida zonyamulira madzi ndi zimbudzi ziyenera kutetezedwa ku dzimbiri posankha chophimba choyenera. Chophimbacho chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito motsatira AS 1281 ndi AS 4321.
Pankhani ya madzi abwino, ayenera kutsatira AS/NZS 4020. Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zinthuzi, zikakhudzana ndi makina operekera madzi, sizikukhudza kwambiri ubwino wa madzi, monga kuipitsidwa ndi mankhwala, kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena kusintha kukoma ndi mawonekedwe a madzi.
Pamwamba pa chubu, osapitirira 150 mm kuchokera kumapeto, payenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro chomveka bwino komanso chosatha ndi izi:
a) Nambala yapadera ya seri, mwachitsanzo nambala ya chubu;
b) Malo opangira;
c) Kunja kwa m'mimba mwake ndi makulidwe a khoma;
d) Nambala yokhazikika, mwachitsanzo AS 1579;
e) Dzina la wopanga kapena chizindikiro cha malonda;
f) Kuyeza kwa kuthamanga kwa chitoliro choyesera madzi (kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chokha chomwe chayesedwa madzi);
g) Chizindikiro choyesera chosawononga (NDT) (cha chitoliro chachitsulo chokha chomwe chayesedwa chosawononga).
Wopanga ayenera kupatsa Wogula satifiketi yosainidwa yosonyeza kuti chitolirocho chapangidwa motsatira zofunikira za Wogula ndi Muyezo uwu.
ASTM A252: Yopangidwira milu ya mapaipi achitsulo ndipo ili ndi makhalidwe atsatanetsatane a makina ndi mafotokozedwe a kapangidwe ka mankhwala a magulu atatu a magwiridwe antchito.
EN 10219: ikukhudzana ndi machubu achitsulo opangidwa ndi chitsulo chofewa chopangidwa ndi ozizira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa kapangidwe kake kuphatikizapo mapaipi.
ISO 3183Chitoliro chachitsulo cha makampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi, chokhala ndi zofunikira pa khalidwe ndi mphamvu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kunyamula mapaipi.
API 5L: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyendetsa mapaipi mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi, miyezo yapamwamba imapangitsanso kuti ikhale yoyenera kupanga milu yomwe imalemedwa kwambiri.
CSA Z245.1: Imafotokoza mapaipi achitsulo ndi zolumikizira zonyamulira mafuta ndi gasi, zomwe zimayeneranso kuyikidwa m'mapaipi.
ASTM A690: Yopangidwira mapaipi achitsulo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi ndi m'malo ena ofanana, zomwe zimagogomezera kukana dzimbiri.
JIS A 5525: Chitoliro chachitsulo chophimbira cha ku Japan cha milu ya mapaipi, kuphatikizapo zinthu, kupanga, kukula kwake ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito.
GOST 10704-91Chitoliro chachitsulo chowongoka cholumikizidwa ndi magetsi kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyumba ndi zomangamanga, kuphatikizapo mapaipi.
GOST 20295-85: Tsatanetsatane wa mapaipi achitsulo olumikizidwa ndi magetsi kuti anyamule mafuta ndi gasi, kusonyeza momwe amagwirira ntchito pansi pa mphamvu yayikulu komanso m'malo ovuta, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mapaipi ozungulira.
Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yakhala kampani yotsogola yogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo cha kaboni kumpoto kwa China, yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zapamwamba, komanso mayankho omveka bwino.
Kampaniyo imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana achitsulo cha kaboni ndi zinthu zina zokhudzana nazo, kuphatikizapo mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi SSAW, komanso mndandanda wathunthu wa zolumikizira mapaipi ndi ma flange.
Zogulitsa zake zapadera zimaphatikizaponso zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopangidwa ndi austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
