API 5L X70 (L485)ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mafuta ndi gasi poyendetsa mapaipi, chomwe chimatchedwa dzina lake locheperakomphamvu yotulutsa ya 70,300 psi (485 MPa), ndipo imakhala ndi mapaipi osapindika komanso olumikizidwa ndipo imagawidwa m'magulu awiri ofotokozera zinthu, PSL1 ndi PSL2. Mu PSL1, X70 ndiye yapamwamba kwambiri, pomwe mu PSL2 ndi imodzi mwa mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri achitsulo.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha API 5L X70 chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zofunikira za mayendedwe ataliatali komanso amphamvu chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zambiri komanso kukana kuthamanga. Pofuna kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu, chitoliro chachitsulo cha X70 nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi makoma okhuthala kuti chitsimikizire kuti chili ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso kulimba.
Chitsulo cha Botopndi katswiri wopanga chitoliro chachitsulo cha LSAW chokhala ndi makoma akuluakulu okhala ndi mbali ziwiri cholumikizidwa ndi makoma akuluakulu chomwe chili ku China.
Malo: Mzinda wa Cangzhou, Chigawo cha Hebei, China;
Ndalama Zonse Zoyikidwa: 500 miliyoni RMB;
Malo opangira mafakitale: 60,000 sq.m.;
Mphamvu yopangira pachaka: matani 200,000 a mapaipi achitsulo a JCOE LSAW;
Zipangizo: Zipangizo zopangira ndi zoyesera zapamwamba;
Zapadera: Kupanga mapaipi achitsulo a LSAW;
Chitsimikizo: Chitsimikizo cha API 5L.
Mikhalidwe Yotumizira
Mkhalidwe wotumizira ndi momwe chubu chachitsulo chimatenthetsera kapena kukonzedwa pamene chakonzeka kutumizidwa kwa kasitomala pambuyo pochipanga. Mkhalidwe wotumizira ndi wofunikira kuti chubucho chikhale ndi mphamvu zofunikira komanso kapangidwe kake.
Kutengera ndi mulingo wa PSL ndi momwe galimotoyo imatumizira, X70 ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu motere:
PSL1: X70 (L485);
PSL2: X70Q (L485Q) ndi X70M (L485M);
Zilembo zomaliza za PSL2 Q ndi M zimayimira motsatana:
Q: Yozimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa;
M: Chopangidwa ndi thermomechanical chopindidwa kapena chopangidwa ndi thermomechanical;
Njira Yovomerezeka Yopangira API 5L X70
Njira yopangira X70 imaphatikizapo zonse ziwiriwopanda msoko komanso wolukidwamawonekedwe, omwe angagawidwe m'magulu monga:
Mwa izi,SAWL(LSAW) ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira zolumikizirana za X70 ndipo ndi yopindulitsa popanga chitoliro chachitsulo cha mainchesi akuluakulu komanso chokhuthala.
Ngakhale mapaipi achitsulo osapindika amaonedwabe ngati chisankho chomwe chimakondedwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo pansi pa mikhalidwe ina yovuta kwambiri, mainchesi apamwamba kwambiri a mapaipi achitsulo osapindika omwe amapangidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepa mpaka 660 mm. Kuchepa kwa kukula kumeneku kungakhale vuto mukakumana ndi mapulojekiti akuluakulu oyendera mapaipi akutali.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, njira ya LSAW imatha kupanga machubu okhala ndi mainchesi mpaka 1,500 mm ndi makulidwe a makoma mpaka 80 mm. Ndipo mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala wotsika mtengo kuposa chitsulo chopanda msoko.
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka API 5L X70
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala a PSL 1 Pipe yokhala ndi t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala a Chitoliro cha PSL 2 chokhala ndi t ≤ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Pa zinthu zachitsulo za PSL2 zomwe zawunikidwa ndikuchuluka kwa mpweya wa ≤0.12%, CE yofanana ndi kabonipcmakhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:
CEpcm= C + Si/30 + Mn/20 + Cu/20 + Ni/60 + Cr/20 + Mo/15 + V/15 + 5B
Pa zinthu zachitsulo za PSL2 zomwe zawunikidwa ndikuchuluka kwa mpweya > 0.12%, CE yofanana ndi kabonillwakhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula ili pansipa:
CEllw= C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni +Cu)/15
Kapangidwe ka Mankhwala ndi t ＞ 25.0 mm (0.984 in.)
Idzatsimikiziridwa mwa kukambirana ndikusinthidwa kukhala yosakaniza yoyenera kutengera zofunikira za kapangidwe ka mankhwala pamwambapa.
Katundu wa Makina a API 5L X70
Katundu Wokoka
Katundu Wolimba wa PSL1 X70
Katundu Wolimba wa PSL2 X70
Zindikirani: Zofunikira zake zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane muAPI 5L X52, zomwe zingawonedwe ngati pakufunika.
Mayesero Ena a Makina
Pulogalamu yotsatirayi yoyeseraimagwira ntchito pa mitundu ya mapaipi achitsulo a SAW okha.
Mayeso opindika a chitsogozo cha weld;
Mayeso olimba a chitoliro cholumikizidwa chozizira;
Kuyang'ana kwakukulu kwa msoko wolumikizidwa;
ndipo pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha PSL2 chokha: mayeso a CVN impact ndi mayeso a DWT.
Zinthu zoyesera ndi ma frequency oyesera a mitundu ina ya mapaipi angapezeke mu Matebulo 17 ndi 18 a muyezo wa API 5L.
Mayeso a Hydrostatic
Nthawi Yoyesera
Machubu onse achitsulo chosasunthika komanso cholumikizidwa okhala ndi D ≤ 457 mm (18 in.):nthawi yoyesera ≥ masekondi 5;
Chitoliro chachitsulo cholumikizidwa D > 457 mm (18 in.):nthawi yoyesera ≥ masekondi 10.
Kuchuluka kwa Kuyesera
Chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulondipo sipadzakhala kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera ku chinthu chosungunula kapena chitoliro panthawi yoyesa.
Kupanikizika kwa mayeso
Kupanikizika kwa mayeso a hydrostatic P kwa achitoliro chachitsulo chopanda malireakhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito fomula.
P = 2St/D
Sndi kupsinjika kwa hoop. Mtengo wake ndi wofanana ndi mphamvu yocheperako yopezera mphamvu ya chitoliro chachitsulo cha xa peresenti, mu MPa (psi);
tndi makulidwe a khoma omwe atchulidwa, omwe amafotokozedwa mu mamilimita (mainchesi);
Dndi m'mimba mwake wakunja womwe watchulidwa, womwe umafotokozedwa mu mamilimita (mainchesi).
Kuyang'anira Kosawononga
Za machubu a SAWnjira ziwiri,UT(kuyesa kwa ultrasonic) kapenaRT(kuyesa kwa X-ray), nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
ET(kuyesa kwa maginito) sikugwira ntchito pa machubu a SAW.
Mizere yolumikizidwa pa mapaipi olumikizidwa amitundu ≥ L210/A ndi mainchesi ≥ 60.3 mm (2.375 in) iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosawononga makulidwe ndi kutalika konse (100%) monga momwe zafotokozedwera.
Kuyesa kosawononga kwa UT
Kuyesa kwa RT kosawononga
Pa chitoliro cha SAW ndi COW, ma weld ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira za x-ray mkati mwa 200 mm (8.0 in) kuchokera kumapeto kwa chitoliro chilichonse kuchokera kumapeto kwa chitoliro chilichonse ayenera kuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito x-ray.
Tchati cha Ndondomeko ya Chitoliro cha API 5L
Kuti zikhale zosavuta kuziona ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito, takonza nthawi yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito mafayilo a PDF. Mutha kutsitsa ndikuwonera zikalata izi ngati pakufunika kutero.
Tchulani Kunja kwa M'mimba mwake ndi Kukhuthala kwa Khoma
Miyezo yokhazikika ya mainchesi akunja otchulidwa ndi makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo yaperekedwa muISO 4200ndiASME B36.10M.
Kulekerera kwa Miyezo
Zofunikira za API 5L pa kulekerera kwa magawo zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane muAPI 5L Giredi BKuti mupewe kubwerezabwereza, mutha kudina zilembo zabuluu kuti muwone zambiri zomwe zikugwirizana.
Zolakwika ndi Kukonza Zofala
Pa machubu a SAW, zolakwika zotsatirazi zimapezeka kawirikawiri: m'mphepete mokhotakhota, kuwotcha kwa arc, delamination, geometric deviation, hard bumps, ndi zina zotero.
Zofooka zomwe zapezeka poyang'aniridwa ndi maso ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa, kugawidwa m'magulu, ndikuchotsedwa motere.
a) Kuzama ≤ 0.125t, ndipo sikukhudza makulidwe osachepera a khoma omwe angaloledwe a chilemacho kudzatsimikiziridwa ngati zilema zovomerezeka ndipo zidzatayidwa motsatira zomwe zili mu C.1.
b) Zolakwika >0.125t kuya kwake zomwe sizikhudza makulidwe ocheperako ololedwa a khoma zidzaweruzidwa kuti ndi zolakwika ndipo ziyenera kuchotsedwa pozinolanso motsatira C.2 kapena kuzitaya motsatira C.3.
c) Chilema chomwe chikukhudza makulidwe ochepa ololedwa a khoma chidzazindikirika ngati chilema ndipo chidzachotsedwa motsatira C.3.
Kuzindikira Mtundu
Ngati mukufuna, chizindikiro cha mtundu cha mainchesi pafupifupi 50 mm (2 in.) chingajambulidwe mkati mwa chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zisiyanitsidwe mosavuta.
| Chitoliro cha Kalasi | Mtundu wa Utoto |
| L320 kapena X46 | Chakuda |
| L360 kapena X52 | Zobiriwira |
| L390 kapena X56 | Buluu |
| L415 kapena X60 | Chofiira |
| L450 kapena X65 | Choyera |
| L485 kapena X70 | Pepo-violet |
| L555 kapena X80 | Wachikasu |
Kodi X70 Steel Equivalent ndi chiyani?
ISO 3183 - L485: Ichi ndi chitsulo chapaipi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndipo chili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi API 5L X70.
CSA Z245.1 - GR 485: Iyi ndi kalasi yachitsulo ya Canadian Standards Association ya mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi.
EN 10208-2 - L485MB: Ichi ndi chitsulo cha mapaipi pansi pa European Standard chopangira mapaipi oyendera mafuta ndi gasi.
Kuphimba
Sikuti timangopatsa makasitomala athu mapaipi achitsulo apamwamba a X70 okha komanso timapereka mitundu yambiri ya ntchito zopaka utoto kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana.
Zophimba utoto: Zophimba utoto zachikhalidwe zimapereka chitetezo choyambira ku dzimbiri ndipo ndizoyenera malo osakhala oopsa kapena chitetezo chakanthawi.
Chophimba cha FBE: Imayikidwa pamwamba pa chitoliro chachitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera yamagetsi kenako imachiritsidwa ndi kutentha. Chophimba ichi chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zotsutsana ndi mankhwala ndi kusweka ndipo ndi choyenera mapaipi apansi panthaka kapena pansi pa madzi.
Chophimba cha 3LPE: Yopangidwa ndi epoxy covering, guluu womatira, ndi polyethylene, imapereka kukana dzimbiri bwino komanso chitetezo chamakina pamakina osiyanasiyana oyendera mapaipi pansi pa nthaka.
Chophimba cha 3LPP: Mofanana ndi 3LPE, chophimba cha 3LPP chimakhala ndi zigawo zitatu, koma chimagwiritsa ntchito polypropylene ngati gawo lakunja. Chophimbachi chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri ndipo ndi choyenera kupopera mapaipi m'malo otentha kwambiri.
Zophimba zimatha kusankhidwa kutengera malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zofunikira za payipi kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha mapaipi a API 5L X70 panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Zifukwa Zoti Mutisankhire Chitoliro cha Chitsulo cha X70
1. Mafakitale ovomerezeka a API 5LMafakitale athu ali ndi satifiketi ya API 5L, yomwe imatsimikizira miyezo yapamwamba kuyambira koyambira mpaka kumapeto kwa chinthu chomalizidwa ndi phindu la mtengo.
2. Mitundu yambiri ya mapaipi: Sitipanga mapaipi achitsulo okha komanso ndife ogulitsa mapaipi achitsulo chosasunthika, ndipo titha kupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi omwe angakwaniritse zosowa za mapulojekiti osiyanasiyana.
3. Zipangizo zothandizira zonse: Kuwonjezera pa chitoliro chachitsulo, tithanso kupereka ma flange, zigongono, ndi zida zina zothandizira, kupereka njira zogulira zinthu zonse pa ntchito yanu.
4. Utumiki wosinthidwa: Tikhoza kupereka mayankho okonzedwa malinga ndi zosowa za makasitomala, kuphatikizapo kupanga ndi kukonza mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi zofunikira zapadera.
5. Ntchito zapadera: Kuyambira pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 2014, kampaniyo yatenga nawo mbali m'mapulojekiti angapo auinjiniya ndipo yapeza chidziwitso chambiri mumakampaniwa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ipereke ntchito zapadera komanso chithandizo.
6. Kuyankha mwachangu ndi chithandizoGulu lathu lothandizira makasitomala likhoza kupereka mayankho mwachangu komanso chithandizo chaukadaulo chaukadaulo kuti mavuto ndi zosowa zanu zithetsedwe mwachangu.
