Ko te maitai paipa he momo maitai e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ngā pūnaha kawe paipa hinu me te hau. Hei taputapu kawe tawhiti mō te hinu me te hau māori, he pai ngā painga o te pūnaha paipa, arā, he ōhanga, he haumaru, ā, he pumau tonu.
Te tono maitai o te paipa
Paipa maitaiKo ngā momo hua ko ngā paipa maitai kore hononga me ngā paipa maitai whakarewa, e taea te wehewehe kia toru ngā wāhanga: ngā wāhi maunga, ngā wāhi whanariki-nui me te whakatakotoranga o te takere moana. He roa ngā raina o ēnei paipa me te taiao mahi uaua, ā, he uaua ki te tiaki, ā, he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga kounga.
Ko ngā wero maha e pā ana ki te maitai o ngā paipa ko: ko te nuinga o ngā mara hinu me te hau kei ngā rohe porowhita, ngā papa hukapapa, ngā koraha, me ngā moana, ā, he tino kino ngā āhuatanga taiao; hei whakapai ake rānei i te whai huatanga o te kawe waka, ka whakanuia tonutia te whānui o te paipa, ā, ka whakanuia tonutia te pēhanga tuku.
Ngā Āhuatanga Rino o te Paipa
Mai i te aromatawai whānui i te ia whanaketanga o ngā paipa hinu me te hau, ngā āhuatanga whakatakotoranga paipa, ngā momo rahunga matua me ngā take rahunga, me whai āhuatanga miihini pai te maitai o te paipa (he pakitara matotoru, he kaha teitei, he pakari teitei, he ātete ki te kakahu), me te diameter nui hoki. Me diameter nui hoki, he ātete ki te whakarewa, he ātete ki te makariri me te pāmahana iti, he ātete ki te waikura (CO2), he ātete ki te wai moana me te HIC, he mahi SSCC, me ētahi atu.
①Te kaha nui
Ehara i te mea ko te kaha kume me te kaha tuku anake e hiahiatia ana mō te maitai paipa, engari me noho hoki te ōwehenga tuku ki te awhe 0.85~0.93.
② Te pakari o te pānga
Ka taea e te pakari pānga teitei te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te aukati i te ngatata.
③Pamahana whakawhiti ngawari-pakaru iti
Ko ngā rohe uaua me ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi e hiahia ana kia iti te pāmahana whakawhiti ngāwari-pakaru o te maitai paipa. Ko te horahanga kutikuti o te DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) kua noho hei tohu whakahaere matua hei ārai i te pakarukaru o ngā paipa. Ko te whakatakotoranga whānui e hiahia ana kia ≥85% te horahanga kutikuti whati o te tauira i te pāmahana whakahaere iti rawa.
④He ātete tino pai ki te pakaru hauwai (HIC) me te pakaru waikura ahotea whanariki (SSCC)
⑤ He pai te mahi whakarewa
He mea tino nui te āheinga whakarewa pai o te maitai kia mau ai te kounga me te pumau o te paipa whakarewa.
Ngā Paerewa Rino o te Paipa
I tēnei wā, ko ngā paerewa hangarau matua o ngā paipa maitai tuku hinu me te hau e whakamahia ana i tōku whenua ko:API 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, me GB/T 9711, me ētahi atu. Ko te āhuatanga whānui e whai ake nei:
① Ko te API 5L (whakatakotoranga paipa raina) he whakaritenga whānuitia e te Maine Petroleum Institute.
Ko te DNV-OS-F101 (pūnaha paipa ruku wai) he whakaritenga i hangaia mō ngā paipa ruku wai e Det Norske Veritas.
③ Ko te ISO 3183 he paerewa i hangaia e te International Organization for Standardization mō ngā tikanga tuku o ngā paipa rino mō te tuku hinu me te hau. Kāore tēnei paerewa e uru ki te hoahoa me te tāutanga o ngā paipa.
④ Ko te putanga hou o GB/T 9711 ko te putanga 2017. E hangai ana tēnei putanga ki te ISO 3183:2012 me te API Spec 5L 45th Edition. E hangai ana ki ngā paerewa e rua. E ai ki ngā paerewa e rua kua whakahuatia, e rua ngā taumata whakatakotoranga hua kua tohua: PSL1 me PSL2. E whakarato ana a PSL1 i tētahi taumata kounga paerewa mō te paipa raina; Ka tāpirihia e PSL2 ngā whakaritenga whakahau tae atu ki te hanganga matū, te pakari o te kokoru, ngā āhuatanga kaha me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro tāpiri (NDT).
He mea whai mana te API SPEC 5L me te ISO 3183 ki te ao whānui mō ngā whakaritenga paipa raina. He rerekē, ko te nuinga o ngā kamupene hinu o te ao kua taunga ki te whakamahiKo ngā whakatakotoranga API SPEC 5L te whakatakotoranga taketake mō te hoko paipa maitai.
Ngā mōhiohio tono
Me whakauru ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei ki te kirimana tono mō te maitai paipa:
① Te rahinga (te tapeke o te papatipu, te tapeke rānei o ngā paipa maitai);
② Taumata paerewa (PSL1, PSL2 rānei);
③Paipa maitaimomo (kore hononga, kāore rāneipaipa whakarewa, te tukanga whakarewa motuhake, te momo pito paipa);
④I runga i ngā paerewa, pērā i te GB/T 9711-2017;
⑤ kounga maitai;
⑥Te whānui o waho me te matotoru o te pakitara;
⑦Te roa me te momo roa (kāore i tapahia, i tapahia rānei);
⑧ Whakatauhia te hiahia kia whakamahia te tāpiritanga.
Ngā tohu paipa rino me ngā tohu rino (GB/T 9711-2017)
| taumata paerewa maitai | kounga paipa maitai | kounga maitai |
| PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | He | |
| L245 | B | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | X46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | X56 | |
| L415 | X60 | |
| L450 | X65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | X42R | |
| L245N | BN | |
| L290N | X42N | |
| L320N | X46N | |
| L360N | X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | X60N | |
| L245Q | BQ | |
| L290Q | X42Q | |
| L320Q | X46Q | |
| L360Q | X52Q | |
| L390Q | X56Q | |
| L415Q | X60Q | |
| L450Q | X65Q | |
| L485Q | X70Q | |
| L555Q | X80Q | |
| L625Q | X90Q | |
| L690Q | X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | X42M | |
| L320M | X46M | |
| L360M | X52M | |
| L390M | X56M | |
| L415M | X60M | |
| L450M | X65M | |
| L485M | X70M | |
| L555M | X80M | |
| L625M | X90M | |
| L690M | X100M | |
| L830M | X120M |
Wā tuku: Hanuere-30-2023