I roto i ngā "waka" e hiahiatia ana hei neke i tētahi rauemi, ko tētahi o ngā mea tino noa ko ngā paipa. Mā te paipa ka taea te kawe i ngā hau me ngā wai me te kore utu, ā, ka tere tonu. I ēnei rā, he maha ngā momo paipa. He rerekē ngā hoahoa i te tauine, te whānui, te pēhanga, me te pāmahana mahi.
He rerekē te rahi o ngā paipa matua, whatunga ratonga, hangarau, kaipuke (mīhini). Me titiro tata atu tātou ki te kaupapa me ngā kāwai o ngā paipa matua me ngā paipa hangarau.
Pūtakengā paipa. Te whakaritenga me te kāwai
He hanganga hangarau uaua rawa ngā paipa pūrua, he paipa maha-kiromita te roa, he teihana papu hau, hinu rānei, he whakawhiti i ngā awa, i ngā rori rānei. Ka kawe ngā paipa pūrua i ngā hua hinu me te hinu, te hau hauwai wairewa, te hau wahie, te hau tīmatanga, me ētahi atu.
Mā te hangarau whakarewa anake ka hangaia ngā paipa matua katoa. Arā, i runga i te mata o tētahi paipa matua ka kitea he porowhita, he hononga tika rānei. Hei rauemi mō te hanga i aua paipa, ka whakamahia te maitai, nā te mea he rauemi ohanga, pakari, maoa pai, me te pono. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te hanga hei maitai hanganga "matarohia" me ngā āhuatanga miihini kua tohua, te maitai waro-iti, te maitai waro-pūngao rānei kia noho hei kounga noa.
Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā paipa matua
I runga i te pēhanga mahi i roto i te paipa, ka wehea ngā paipa hau matua ki ngā akomanga e rua:
I - kei roto i ngā pēhanga mahi neke atu i te 2.5 ki te 10.0 MPA (neke atu i te 25 ki te 100 kgs/cm2);
II - kei roto ngā pēhanga mahi neke atu i te 1.2 ki te 2.5 MP (neke atu i te 12 ki te 25 kg/cm2).
I runga i te diameter o te paipa, e wha nga akomanga e wehea ana, mm:
I - me te diameter tikanga neke atu i te 1000 ki te 1200 kei roto;
II - pērā anō, neke atu i te 500 ki te 1000 kei roto;
III he rite tonu.
IV - 300, iti iho rānei.
Ngā paipa hangarau. Te whakatūnga me te kāwai
Ko ngā paipa hangarau he taputapu hei tuku wahie, wai, rauemi mata, hua haurua-oti me ngā momo hua e whakamahia ana i roto i te mahi whakaputa i roto i tētahi wheketere ahumahi. Ka kawehia e ēnei paipa ngā rauemi mata kua pau me ngā momo para.
Ko te whakarōpūtanga o ngā paipa hangarau e whakahaerehia ana i runga i ngā āhuatanga penei:
Tauwāhi:mahi tahi, mahi tahi i roto i te peka.
Te tikanga whakatakoto:i runga ake i te whenua, i raro i te whenua, i raro i te whenua.
Pēhanga ā-roto:kore-pēhanga (aunoa), korehau, pēhanga iti, pēhanga waenga, pēhanga teitei.
Te pāmahana o te matū ka taea te kawe:makariri, noa, mahana, wera rawa, wera rawa.
Te kaha o te matū kawe:kāore e pukuriri, ngoikore-pupuri (iti-pupuri), waenga-pupuri, pukuriri.
Matū kawe:ngā paipa mamaoa,ngā paipa wai, ngā paipa,ngā paipa hau, ngā paipa hāora, ngā paipa hinu, ngā waea acetyleno, ngā paipa hinu, ngā paipa hau, ngā paipa waikawa, ngā paipa kawakore, ngā paipa haukini, me ētahi atu.
Rauemi:maitai, maitai he paninga ā-roto, ā-waho rānei, mai i ngā konganuku kore-ferrous, te rino maka, mai i ngā rauemi kore-whakarewa.
Hononga:hononga kore e taea te wehe.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-01-2022