Kowiri tira (Kowiri tira)Ko te whakarāpopototanga o te kowiri tira ātete-waikawa, ā, ko ngā momo maitai e ātete ana ki ngā pāpāho waikura ngoikore pēnei i te hau, te mamaoa, te wai, he āhuatanga kowiri tira rānei ka kiia he kowiri tira.
Ko te kupu "kowiri tira"ehara i te mea ko te momo kowiri tira anake e pā ana ki tētahi momo kowiri tira, engari e pā ana ki te neke atu i te kotahi rau momo kowiri tira ahumahi, ā, he pai te mahi a ia momo i roto i tana mara tono motuhake.
Kei roto i ēnei katoa te 17 ki te 22% o te chromium, ā, kei roto hoki i ngā momo maitai pai ake te nickel. Mā te tāpiri i te molybdenum ka taea te whakapai ake i te waikura o te hau, inā koa te ātete ki te waikura i roto i ngā hau kei roto te chloride.
Whakarōpūtanga o te maitai kore waikura
1. He aha te maitai kore waikura me te maitai ātete-waikawa?
Whakautu: Ko te maitai kore waikura te whakarāpopototanga o te maitai kore waikura ātete-waikawa, he ātete ki ngā mea waikura ngoikore pērā i te hau, te mamaoa, te wai, te maitai kore waikura rānei. Ko ngā momo maitai waikura ka kiia he maitai ātete-waikura.
Nā te rerekētanga o te hanganga matū o ngā mea e rua, he rerekē te ātete ki te waikura. Ko te maitai kore waikura noa kāore e ātete ki te waikura matū, ko te maitai ātete waikawa ia he kowiri tira.
2. Me pēhea te whakarōpū i te maitai kore waikura?
Whakautu: E ai ki te āhua o te whakahaere, ka taea te wehewehe ki te maitai martensitic, te maitai ferritic, te maitai austenitic, te maitai kowiri tira austenitic-ferritic (duplex) me te maitai kowiri tira whakapakeketanga.
(1) Te maitai martensitic: he kaha teitei, engari he ngoikore te kirihou me te ngāwari ki te whakarewa.
Ko ngā momo maitai kore waikura martensitic e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te 1Cr13, 3Cr13, me ētahi atu. Nā te nui o te waro, he kaha, he pakeke, he ātete ki te kakahu, engari he ngoikore te ātete ki te waikura, ā, e whakamahia ana mō ngā āhuatanga miihini me te ātete ki te waikura. E hiahiatia ana ētahi wāhanga whānui, pērā i ngā puna, ngā mata o te tāhūhū mamaoa, ngā takirere pēhi waipēhi, me ētahi atu.
Ka whakamahia tēnei momo maitai i muri i te tinei me te whakamahana, ā, me whakamahana anō i muri i te hanga me te tā.
(2) Te maitai Ferritic: 15% ki te 30% te chromium. Ka piki ake tōna ātete ki te waikura, tōna pakari me tōna āheinga whakarewa i te pikinga ake o te ihirangi chromium, ā, he pai ake tōna ātete ki te waikura ahotea chloride i ētahi atu momo maitai kore waikura, pērā i te Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, me ētahi atu.
Nā te nui o te chromium, he pai te ātete ki te waikura me te waikura, engari he ngoikore ōna āhuatanga miihini me ngā āhuatanga tukanga. He mea whakamahi nui mō ngā hanganga ātete-waikawa me te iti o te ahotea, ā, hei maitai ārai-waikura.
Ka taea e tēnei momo maitai te ātete i te waikura o te hau, te waikawa hauota me te wai tote, ā, he pai hoki te ātete ki te waikura i te pāmahana teitei me te iti o te tauwehenga whānui wera. Ka whakamahia i roto i te waikawa hauota me ngā taputapu wheketere kai, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā wāhanga e mahi ana i ngā pāmahana teitei, pērā i ngā wāhanga tāpine hau, me ētahi atu.
(3) Te maitai Austenitic: Kei roto neke atu i te 18% te chromium, ā, kei roto hoki tata ki te 8% te nickel me te iti o te molybdenum, te titanium, te hauota me ētahi atu huānga. He pai te mahi whānui, ātete ki te waikura i ngā momo pāpāho.
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia te maimoatanga otinga, arā, ka whakamahanahia te maitai ki te 1050-1150 °C, kātahi ka whakamataohia ki te wai, ki te hau rānei, kia puta ai he hanganga austenite kotahi-wāhanga.
(4) Ko te maitai kore waikura austenitic-ferritic (duplex): He rite ōna painga ki te maitai kore waikura austenitic me te ferritic, ā, he superplasticity tōna. Ko te austenite me te ferrite te haurua o te maitai kore waikura.
Mēnā he iti te ihirangi C, ko te ihirangi Cr he 18% ki te 28%, ā, ko te ihirangi Ni he 3% ki te 10%. Kei roto hoki i ētahi maitai ngā huānga whakarewa pērā i te Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, me te N.
He rite ngā āhuatanga o tēnei momo maitai ki ngā maitai kore waikura austenitic me te ferritic. Ki te whakatauritea ki te ferrite, he nui ake tōna kirihou me tōna pakari, kāore he pakarukaru i te pāmahana rūma, he nui ake te ātete ki te waikura intergranular me te mahi whakarewa, me te pupuri tonu i te rino. He pakarukaru te tinana o te maitai kore waikura i te 475°C, he nui te kawe wera, ā, he āhuatanga o te superplasticity.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te maitai kore waikura austenitic, he kaha teitei, ā, he nui ake te ātete ki te waikura intergranular me te waikura ahotea chloride. He tino pai te ātete o te maitai kore waikura takirua ki te waikura pitting, ā, he maitai kore waikura penapena nickel anō hoki.
(5) Kowiri tira pakari: ko te hanganga he austenite, he martensite rānei, ā, ko ngā momo kowiri tira pakari e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al me ētahi atu. He kowiri tira ka taea te whakapakeke (te whakapakari) mā te whakapakeketanga o te ua (e mōhiotia ana ko te whakapakeketanga tawhito).
E ai ki te hanganga, ka wehea kia rua ngā momo: ko te kowiri tira chromium, ko te kowiri tira chromium-nickel me te kowiri tira chromium manganese hauota.
(1) He ātete te maitai kowiri tira chromium ki te waikura (waikawa whakapūkara, waikawa waro, cavitation), te ātete wera me te ātete kakahu, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei rauemi taputapu mō ngā teihana hiko, ngā matū, me te hinu. Heoi, he ngoikore tōna kaha whakarewa, ā, me aro nui ki te tukanga whakarewa me ngā tikanga maimoatanga wera.
(2) I te wā e whakarewahia ana, ka whakamahanahia te maitai kore waikura chromium-nickel kia puta ai ngā warowaihā, ka whakaiti i te ātete ki te waikura me ngā āhuatanga miihini.
(3) He pai te kaha, te ngāwari, te pakari, te ngāwari ki te hanga, te ngāwari ki te whakarewa, te ātete ki te kakahu me te ātete ki te waikura o te maitai kore waikura chromium-manganese.
Ngā raruraru uaua i roto i te whakarewa maitai kore waikura me te whakaurunga ki te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi me ngā taputapu
1. He aha te uaua o te whakarewa i te kowiri tira?
Whakautu: (1) He kaha te aro o te maitai kore waikura ki te wera, ā, he roa ake te wā noho i te awhe pāmahana o te 450-850 ° C, ā, ka tino heke te ātete ki te waikura o te wāhi whakarewa me te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera;
(2) ka pāngia e ngā pakaru wera;
(3) Te korenga o te tiakitanga me te waikura nui i te pāmahana tiketike;
(4) He nui te tauwehenga whānui rārangi, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakaputa i te whakarerekētanga nui o te whakarewanga.
2. He aha ngā mahi hangarau whai hua ka taea te mahi hei whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura austenitic?
Whakautu: (1) Kōwhiria mārire ngā rauemi whakarewa kia rite ki te hanganga matū o te konganuku turanga;
(2) Mā te whakarewa tere me te iti o te iahiko, ka iti te kaha o te raina ka whakaiti i te wera e tomo mai ana;
(3) Waea whakarewa angiangi te whānui, he tokotoko whakarewa, kāore he piu, he whakarewa maha-paparanga maha-haerenga;
(4) Te whakamatao ā-kaha o te hononga whakarewa me te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera hei whakaiti i te wā noho i te 450-850°C;
(5) Te parenga ākono i te tuara o te whakarewa TIG;
(6) Ka oti te whakapiripiri i ngā hononga e pā ana ki te waikura;
(7) Te maimoatanga whakangāwari o te hononga whakarewa me te rohe e pāngia ana e te wera.
3. He aha tātou me whiriwhiri ai i te waea me te hiko whakarewa raupapa 25-13 mō te whakarewa i te maitai kore waikura austenitic, te maitai waro me te maitai koranu iti (te whakarewa maitai rerekē)?
Whakautu: Hei whakarewa i ngā hononga whakarewa maitai rerekē e hono ana i te maitai kore waikura austenitic ki te maitai waro me te maitai koranu iti, me whakamahi te waea whakarewa raupapa 25-13 (309, 309L) me te tokotoko whakarewa (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, me ētahi atu) i te konganuku putunga whakarewa.
Mena ka whakamahia ētahi atu taputapu whakarewa kowiri tira, ka puta he hanganga martensitic me ngā kapiti makariri ki te rārangi hanumi i te taha o te maitai waro me te maitai koranu iti.
4. He aha i whakamahia ai e ngā waea whakarewa maitai kore waikura te hau tiaki 98%Ar+2%O2?
Whakautu: I te wā e whakarewahia ana te waea maitai kore waikura totoka, ki te whakamahia te hau argon parakore hei ārai, ka teitei te kukū o te mata o te puna rewa, ā, kāore i te tino pai te hanganga o te whakarewa, e whakaatu ana i te āhua whakarewa "tuara-piko". Mā te tāpiri i te 1 ki te 2% hāora ka taea te whakaiti i te kukū o te mata o te puna rewa, ā, ka maeneene, ka ataahua hoki te hononga whakarewa.
5. He aha i mangu ai te mata o te waea whakarewa maitai totoka MIG? Me pēhea te whakaoti i tēnei raruraru?
Whakautu: He tere te tere whakarewa MIG o te waea whakarewa maitai kore waikura totoka (30-60cm/min). Ina rere te pūwero hau tiaki ki te wāhi puna rewa o mua, kei te wera tonu te hononga whakarewa i te pāmahana teitei, ka ngāwari te waikura e te hau, ā, ka puta he waikura ki te mata. He mangu ngā whakarewa. Mā te tikanga whakamātao ka taea te tango i te kiri mangu me te whakahoki mai i te tae mata taketake o te maitai kore waikura.
6. He aha i hiahia ai te waea whakarewa maitai kore waikura totoka ki te whakamahi i te pūhiko hiko pāorooro hei whakatutuki i te whakawhiti hau me te whakarewa kore-pipi?
Whakautu: Ina whakamahia te waea maitai kore waikura totoka MIG, te waea whakarewa φ1.2, ina ko te iahiko I ≥ 260 ~ 280A, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakawhiti jet; he iti iho i tēnei uara te maturuturunga iho o te whakawhiti poto-ara iahiko, ā, he nui te mirimiri, kāore i te tūtohutia i te nuinga o te wā.
Mā te whakamahi anake i te pūtake hiko MIG me te pātītī, ka taea e te maturuturunga pātītī te whakawhiti mai i te whakatakotoranga iti ki te whakatakotoranga nui (whiriwhiria te uara iti rawa, te uara mōrahi rānei e ai ki te diameter waea), me te whakarewa kore-pipiri.
7. He aha i tiakina ai te waea whakarewa maitai kore waikura he hauhautanga-haurua e te hau CO2, kaua e te pūhiko hiko pāorooro?
Whakautu: Ko te waea whakarewa maitai kore waikura e whakamahia whānuitia ana i tēnei wā (pēnei i te 308, 309, me ētahi atu), ko te tātai rerenga whakarewa i roto i te waea whakarewa ka whakawhanakehia kia rite ki te tauhohenga matū whakarewa whakarewa i raro i te tiakitanga o te hau CO2, nō reira, i te nuinga o te wā, kāore he hiahia mō te pūhiko hiko whakarewa pewa (ko te pūhiko hiko me te pēwa me whakamahi i te hau whakauru), ki te hiahia koe ki te tomo ki te whakawhiti maturuturu i mua, ka taea hoki e koe te whakamahi i te pūhiko hiko pēwa, te tauira whakarewa ārai hau tuku iho rānei me te whakarewa hau whakauru.
Wā tuku: Maehe-24-2023