maitai hangangahe rauemi hanga paerewa i hangaia mai i ētahi momo maitai, ā, kei roto i ngā momo āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga paerewa o te ahumahi (ngā "kōtaha" rānei). Ka whakawhanakehia ngā momo maitai hanganga me te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga miihini motuhake kua hangaia mō ngā tono motuhake.
I Ūropi, me tutuki te maitai hanganga ki te paerewa ŪropiEN 10025, e whakahaerehia ana e te Komiti Pākehā mō te Whakapūmautanga Rino me te Maitai (ECISS), he rōpū iti o te Komiti Pākehā mō te Whakapūmautanga (CEN).
He maha ngā tauira o ngā momo maitai hanganga o Ūropi, pērā i te S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 me te S460. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka arotahi tātou ki te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini me ngā whakamahinga o te S235, S275 me te S355, arā, ngā momo maitai hanganga e toru e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā kaupapa hangahanga i te Kotahitanga o Ūropi.
E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga Eurocode, me tohu ngā maitai hanganga mā ngā tohu paerewa tae atu ki, engari kāore i te herea ki, ko S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR me JO, arā:
I runga anō i te tukanga hanga, te hanganga matū, me te whakamahinga e pā ana, ka whakamahia pea ētahi atu reta me ngā whakarōpūtanga hei tautuhi i tētahi momo maitai hanganga, hua rānei.
Ehara te whakarōpūtanga o te EU i te paerewa ā-ao, nō reira he maha ngā momo e tika ana me ngā āhuatanga matū me ngā āhuatanga miihini ōrite ka taea te whakamahi i ētahi atu wāhi o te ao. Hei tauira, me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) te maitai hanganga i hangaia mō te mākete o Amerika. Ka tīmata ngā waehere ā-ao ki te "A" ā, ka whai ake ko te momo e tika ana, pērā i te A36, i teA53.
I te nuinga o ngā whenua, he mea whakahaere te maitai hanganga, ā, me tutuki i a ia ngā paerewa iti rawa mō te āhua, te rahi, te hanganga matū me te kaha.
He mea tino nui te hanganga matū o te maitai hanganga, ā, he tino whakahaeretia. Koinei te mea matua e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te maitai. I roto i te ripanga i raro nei ka taea e koe te kite i ngā taumata ōrau mōrahi o ētahi huānga whakarerekētanga kei roto i ngā reanga maitai hanganga Pākehā S235,S275me S355.
He mea tino nui te hanganga matū o te maitai hanganga, ā, he mea tino whakahaeretia. He mea nui tēnei e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te maitai. I roto i te ripanga i raro nei ka kite koe i te ōrau mōrahi o ētahi huānga kua whakahaeretia i roto i ngā reanga maitai hanganga Pākehā S235, S275 me te S355.
He mea tino nui te hanganga matū o te maitai hanganga ki ngā kaihangarau, ā, ka rerekē i ia momo ki ia momo i runga i te whakamahinga e tika ana. Hei tauira, ko te S355K2W he maitai hanganga whakapakeke, e kiia nei ko te K2, me te hanganga matū i hangaia mō te ātete huarere teitei ake - W. Nō reira, he rerekē te hanganga matū o tēnei momo maitai hanganga mai i te paerewa.Taumata S355.
Ko ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te maitai hanganga te pūtake o tōna whakarōpūtanga me tōna whakamahinga. Ahakoa ko te hanganga matū te mea matua e whakatau ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te maitai, he mea nui anō hoki kia mōhio ki ngā paearu iti rawa mō ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, pērā i te kaha tuku me te kaha kume, e whakaahuatia ana i raro nei.
Ko te kaha tuku o te maitai hanganga e ine ana i te kaha iti rawa e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i te whakarerekētanga tuturu o te maitai. Ko te tikanga whakaingoa i whakamahia i roto i te paerewa Pākehā EN10025 e pā ana ki te kaha tuku iti rawa o te karaehe maitai i whakamatautauria i te matotoru 16 mm.
E pā ana te kaha kume o te maitai hanganga ki te wāhi ka puta te whakarerekētanga tūturu ina totorohia, ina totorohia rānei te rauemi ki te taha whakawhiti i tōna roa.
He maha ngā momo maitai hanganga, engari he maha ngā wā ka hokona kua oti te hanga hei āhua whakawhiti-wāhanga motuhake kua hangaia mō tētahi whakamahinga motuhake. Hei tauira, he mea noa te maitai hanganga e hokona ana hei kurupae-I, kurupae-Z, lintel pouaka, wāhanga hanganga tuwhera (HSS), kurupae-L, me ngā pereti maitai.
I runga i te whakamahinga e hiahiatia ana, ka tohua e te miihini te taumata o te maitai—ko te tikanga kia tutuki ai te kaha iti rawa, te taumaha mōrahi, me ngā whakaritenga o te rangi pea—me te āhua o te wāhanga—e pā ana ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana me ngā kawenga, ngā kawenga rānei e tumanakohia ana. mahi hei mahi.
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te maitai hanganga, ā, he rerekē hoki ōna whakamahinga. He tino whai hua ēnei nā te mea he huinga ahurei o te kaha whakarewa me te kaha kua oti te whakarite. He hua tino urutau te maitai hanganga, he mea e paingia ana e ngā miihini e hiahia ana ki te whakanui ake i te kaha, i ngā hanganga āhua-S rānei, me te whakaiti i tōna taumaha.
Wā tuku: 13 Paenga-whāwhā 2023