Ko te paipa maitai ASTM A556 te nuinga e whakamahia ana hei paipa maitai waro tui-kore e kumea ana i te matao mō ngā whakamahana wai whāngai ngongo.
Ko tōna whānuitanga o te whakamahinga he paipa rino tui kore, ko te rahi o waho kei waenga i te 15.9-31.8mm me te matotoru o te pakitara kaua e iti iho i te 1.1mm.
Ko ngā paipa rino te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga, ā, kāore e whakaurua ngā ngongo-U kua whakahuatia i roto i te paerewa.
Te whānui o waho: 5/8 - 1 1/4 inihi [15.9 -31.8 mm].
Matotoru o te pakitara: ≥ 0.045 inihi [1.1 mm].
E toru ngā momo e whakarōpūtia ana e te ASTM A556,Tau A2, Taumata B2, meTau C2.
Me hanga ngā ngongo rino e tētahikore honongatukatukahia, ā, me utu mātao.
Ka tukuna e ngā ngongo maitai kore-honohono he tino tika te āhua me te mutunga mata pai, me te whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti me te whakarei ake i ōna āhuatanga miihini pēnei i te kaha me te pakeke. Mā te hanganga kore-honohono ka pumau ake, ka haumaru ake hoki ngā ngongo ina pāngia e te pēhanga me te pāmahana teitei, ka pai ai mō ngā tono ahumahi e hiahia ana ki te tino tika me te mahi teitei.
Heoi, he nui ake te utu o te hanga i ngā ngongo maitai kore-hono e tōia ana i te makariri nā te mea he uaua ake te tukanga whakaputa, ā, me nui ake ngā mahi me ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana. Hei tāpiri, ko te iti o te whai huatanga o te whakaputa, inā koa i roto i te whakaputanga nui, kāore i te rite te ōhanga ki te tukanga hurihuri wera, ā, i ētahi wā ka nui ake te ngaronga rauemi, ka whakawhāiti i te whakamahinga i roto i ētahi tono.
Me whakamahana ngā ngongo e tōia ana i te matao i muri i te tukunga tōia matao whakamutunga ki te pāmahana 1200°F [640°C] neke atu rānei kia pai ai te ngāwari mō te hurihuri hei rau ngongo, kia tutuki ai hoki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha e ai ki te whakaritenga.
Mena ka whakahaerehia he tātaritanga hua, tirohia te ASTM A751 mō ngā tikanga whakamātautau.
1. Āhuatanga Kume
Tikanga whakamātautau: ASTM A450 Wāhanga 7.
Mō ngā puranga tae atu ki te 50 ngongo, me whiriwhiri kia kotahi te ngongo hei whakamātautau.
Mō ngā puranga neke atu i te 50 ngongo, me whiriwhiri kia rua ngā ngongo hei whakamātautau.
2. Te pakeketanga
Tikanga whakamātautau: ASTM A450 Wāhanga 23.
Me whakamātautau ngā tauira mai i ngā ngongo whakamātautau e rua mai i ia puranga mō te pakeke o Brinell, o Rockwell rānei.
Kaua te pakeke o te paipa Rockwell e neke ake i tērā e whakaaturia ana i te ripanga.
| Tau | Te pakeketanga |
| Tau A2 | 72 HRBW |
| Taumata B2 | 79 HRBW |
| Tau C2 | 89 HRBW |
3. Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi
Tikanga whakamātautau: ASTM A450 Wāhanga 19.
Me whakahaere he whakamātautau whakapapatahi ki tētahi tauira mai i ia pito o tētahi ngongo maitai kua oti te hanga, mai i tētahi kōwhiringa o ngā ngongo kāore e neke atu i te 125 mai i ia rota.
4. Whakamātautau Mumura
Tikanga whakamātautau: ASTM A450 Wāhanga 21.
Me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau mura ki tētahi tauira mai i ia pito o te ngongo kua oti, me te kore e neke atu i te 125 ngongo e tīpakohia mai i ia puranga.
Kāore he whakamātautau wai ā-pūmau e hiahiatia ana mō ngā paipa rino.
Heoi anō, me whakamātauria ia paipa-U mā te whakamahi i tētahi wai kore-waikura.
Me whakamātautau ia ngongo mā te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro e taea ai te kite i ngā hapa i te wāhanga whakawhiti katoa o te ngongo i muri i te maimoatanga wera o te mata whai muri i te kukume matao whakamutunga.
Ngā tikanga whakamātautau kore-whakangaro o te WhakatakotorangaE213, WhakatakotorangaE309(mō ngā rauemi ferromagnetic), WhakatakotorangaE426(mō ngā rauemi kore-aukume), Whakatakotoranga rāneiE570ka taea te whiriwhiri mō te whakamātautau.
Kāore ngā ātete e whai ake nei e pā ki te wāhanga piko o te ngongo-U.
Me noho kore unahi te paipa kua oti, engari me whai pea he kiriata waikura i runga i te mata.
Me tino tika ngā ngongo kua oti, ā, kia maeneene ngā pito, kāore he kohao. Me rite te āhua o ngā ngongo ki te mahi toi, ā, me kore he hapa mata e kore e taea te tango i roto i ngā ātete pakitara e whakaaetia ana.
Kāore e hiahiatia te tango i ngā hapa o te mata pēnei i ngā tohu whakahaere, ngā tohu whakatikatika, ngā tohu māmā o te mandrel me te mate, ngā poka pāpaku, me ngā tauira unahi mēnā kei roto i ngā paerewa e whakaaetia ana mō te pakitara.
Me pania ngā diameter o roto, o waho hoki o te paipa kua oti hei ārai i te waikura i te wā e kawe ana.
Ko ngā paninga noa kongā hinu ārai waikura, ngā paninga, rāneingā peita.
Ko te kōwhiringa o te rauemi paninga ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakaritenga motuhake o te paipa maitai, te taiao whakamahi e whakaarohia ana, me te roa o te tiakitanga.
Ngā whakamahana wai whāngai ngongoKoinei tētahi o ngā whakamahinga tino noa mō ngā ngongo maitai ASTM A556.
I roto i te umanga hiko, ka whakamahia ngā whakamahana wai whāngai hei whakamahana i te wai whāngai o te pōro, mā te tango i te mamaoa. Mā te whakamahinga o tēnei momo ngongo maitai ka taea te whakawhiti pai o te pūngao wera, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te mahi a te pūnaha.
Ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā whakapūmauNā te mea he pai rawa ngā āhuatanga whakawhiti wera me te ātete ki te waikura, he pai hoki ngā ngongo maitai ASTM A556 mō te whakamahi i roto i ētahi atu momo whakawhiti wera me ngā whakapūmau wera, e whakamahia ana i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tukanga matū, hinu, me ētahi atu tukanga ahumahi.
Ngā pūnaha mamaoa pēhanga teiteiNā te ātete teitei o ngā ngongo ASTM A556 ki te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei, he pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā pūnaha mamaoa pēhanga teitei me ētahi atu tono e hiahia ana kia tino teitei te ātete ki te pēhanga me te pāmahana.
ASTM A179/A179M- He paerewa tēnei mō ngā whakawhiti wera maitai waro kore-honohono e tōia ana i te matao me ngā ngongo whakapūmau mō te mahi cryogenic.
ASTM A192/A192M- E tohu ana i ngā whakaritenga hangarau mō ngā ngongo poiha maitai waro tuimotu mō ngā poiha e whakamahia ana i roto i te ratonga pēhanga teitei.
ASTM A210/A210M- Paerewa mō ngā ngongo poiha maitai waro-waenga me te waro-konupora kore hononga mō ngā poiha me ngā whakamahana nui.
ASTM A213/A213M- E whakarato ana i ngā paerewa mō ngā kohua maitai koranu ferritic me te austenitic, te whakamahana nui, me ngā ngongo whakawhiti wera.
ASTM A249/A249M- Paerewa e pā ana ki te kohua maitai austenitic kua whakarewaina, te whakamahana nui, te whakawhiti wera, me ngā ngongo whakapūmau.
ASTM A334/A334M- Paerewa mō ngā ngongo maitai waro me te koranu tuikore, me te whakarewa mō te mahi cryogenic.
Ka hipokina e ia o ēnei paerewa ngā ngongo maitai e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakawhiti wera, ngā poiha, me ngā tono rite. Ko te paerewa e whiriwhiria ana ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā whakaritenga tono motuhake, pēnei i te pāmahana whakahaere, te whakatauranga pēhanga, me te ātete waikura e tumanakohia ana.
Mai i tōna whakatūnga i te tau 2014, kua noho a Botop Steel hei kaiwhakarato matua o ngā paipa maitai waro i te raki o Haina, e mōhiotia ana mō te ratonga pai rawa atu, ngā hua kounga teitei, me ngā otinga whānui.
He maha ngā momo paipa rino waro me ngā hua e pā ana ki tēnei kamupene, tae atu ki ngā paipa rino kore-tuia, ERW, LSAW, me SSAW, me te whānuitanga katoa o ngā hononga paipa me ngā flanges. Kei roto hoki i āna hua motuhake ngā koranu kounga teitei me ngā rino kowiri tira austenitic, i hangaia kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā kaupapa paipa rerekē.
