Ko te ASTM A500 he ngongo maitai waro hanganga kua whakarewahia, kua whakapūmauhia, he mea hanga-matao, mō ngā hanganga piriti me ngā hanganga whare kua whakarewahia, kua whakapūmauhia, kua whakapūmauhia rānei, me ngā kaupapa hanganga whānui.
Ko te paipa taumata C tētahi o ngā taumata he kaha whakaputa teitei kāore i te iti iho i te 345 MPa me te kaha kume kāore i te iti iho i te 425 MPa.
Ki te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu mōASTM A500, ka taea e koe te pāwhiri hei tirotiro!
E toru ngā momo o te paipa rino e whakarōpūtia ana e te ASTM A500,taumata B, māka C, me te māka D.
CHS: Ngā wāhanga porowhita tuwhera.
RHS: Ngā wāhanga tapawhā, tapawhā whāiti rānei.
EHS: Ngā wāhanga porotītaha porowhita.
Me hanga te maitai mā tētahi, mā ētahi rānei o ngā tukanga e whai ake nei:hāora taketake, oumu hiko rānei.
Me hanga te paipa e tētahikore honongate tukanga whakarewa rānei.
Me hanga ngā ngongo whakarewa ki te maitai hurihuri papatahi mā te tukanga whakarewa ātete-hiko (ERW). Me whakarewa te hononga poupou roa o te ngongo whakarewa puta noa i tōna matotoru kia mau ai te kaha o te hoahoa hanganga o te wāhanga ngongo.
Ka taea te whakamahana, te whakaiti rānei i te ahotea i te ASTM A500 Grade C.
Ka oti te whakamahana i te ngongo ki te pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka āta whakamatao. Ka whakarite anō te whakamahana i te hanganga moroiti o te rauemi hei whakapai ake i tōna pakari me tōna ōritetanga.
Ko te whakamama i te ahotea ka tutukihia mā te whakamahana i te rauemi ki te pāmahana iti iho (he iti iho i te pāmahana o te whakamahana) kātahi ka pupuri mō tētahi wā, kātahi ka whakamatao. Ka āwhina tēnei ki te ārai i te hē, i te pakaru rānei o te rauemi i ngā mahi e whai ake nei pērā i te whakarewa, te tapahi rānei.
Auautanga o ngā whakamātautauE rua ngā tauira paipa i tangohia mai i ia rota o te 500 ngā wahi, te wāhanga rānei o taua mea, e rua rānei ngā tauira o te rauemi takai papatahi i tangohia mai i ia rota o te maha e rite ana o ngā wahi o te rauemi takai papatahi.
Ngā tikanga whakamātautauKo ngā tikanga me ngā mahi e pā ana ki te tātari matū me rite ki ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau, Ngā Mahi, me ngā Kupu Whakamātautau A751.
| Ngā Whakaritenga Matū,% | |||
| Te hanganga | Tau C | ||
| Tātari Wera | Tātaritanga Hua | ||
| C (Waro)A | mōrahi | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| Mn (Mangane)He | mōrahi | 1.35 | 1.40 |
| P (Pūhāota) | mōrahi | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| S(Whānariki) | mōrahi | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| Cu(Parahi)B | meneti | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| AMō ia whakahekenga o te 0.01 ōrau i raro i te mōrahi kua tohua mō te waro, ka whakaaetia he pikinga o te 0.06 ōrau ki runga ake i te mōrahi kua tohua mō te konupora, tae atu ki te mōrahi o te 1.50% mā te tātari wera me te tātari hua taha 1.60%. BMena kua tohua te maitai kei roto te parahi i roto i te ota hoko. | |||
Me tutuki ngā tauira kume ki ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau me ngā Whakamāramatanga A370, Tāpiritanga A2.
| Ngā Whakaritenga Kukume | ||
| Rārangi | Tau C | |
| Kaha kume, min | psi | 62,000 |
| MPa | 425 | |
| Te kaha o te tuku, min | psi | 50,000 |
| MPa | 345 | |
| Te whakaroa i roto i te 2 inihi (50 mm), min,C | % | 21B |
| BE pā ana ki ngā matotoru pakitara kua tohua (t) e ōrite ana, e nui ake rānei i te 0.120 inihi [3.05mm]. Mō ngā matotoru pakitara māmā ake kua tohua, me whakaae ngā uara roa iti rawa ki te kaihanga. CKo ngā uara roa iti rawa kua tohua ka pā anake ki ngā whakamātautau i mahia i mua i te tukunga o te ngongo. | ||
I roto i tētahi whakamātautau, ka whakanohoia te tauira ki roto i tētahi mīhini whakamātautau kume, kātahi ka totoro mārire kia pakaru rā anō. I roto i te tukanga katoa, ka tuhia e te mīhini whakamātautau ngā raraunga ahotea me te totoro, ā, ka puta he kōpiko ahotea-totoro. Mā tēnei kōpiko ka taea e tātou te whakaatu i te tukanga katoa mai i te whakarerekētanga rapa ki te whakarerekētanga kirihou ki te pakaru, me te whiwhi i ngā raraunga kaha tuku, kaha kume me te toronga.
Te Roa o te TauiraKaua te roa o te tauira e whakamahia ana mō te whakamātautau e iti iho i te 2 1/2 inihi (65 mm).
Whakamātautau ngāwariMe te kore e pakaru, e whati rānei, ka whakatārewatia te tauira i waenganui i ngā pereti whakarara kia iti iho rā anō te tawhiti i waenganui i ngā pereti i te uara "H" i tatauhia mā te tātai e whai ake nei:
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H = te tawhiti i waenga i ngā pereti whakatārewatanga, inihi [mm],
e= te whakarerekētanga mō ia roa (pūmau mō tētahi taumata maitai, 0.07 mō te Taumata B, me te 0.06 mō te Taumata C),
t= te matotoru o te pakitara o te ngongo kua tohua, inihi [mm],
D = te diameter o waho kua tohua o te ngongo, inihi [mm].
Ngākau ponotte wāMe haere tonu te whakapapatahi i te tauira kia pakaru rā anō te tauira, kia tūtaki rā anō rānei ngā pakitara o te tauira.
Te korengactikangaKo te kiri papatahi, te rauemi ngoikore rānei i kitea puta noa i te whakamātautau papatahi, hei take mō te whakakorenga.
E wātea ana he whakamātautau mura mō ngā ngongo porowhita ≤ 254 mm (10 inihi) te whānui, engari kāore i te whakahauhia.
| Rārangi | Whānuitanga | Tuhipoka |
| Diameter o Waho (OD) | ≤48mm (1.9 inihi) | ±0.5% |
| ＞50mm (2 inihi) | ±0.75% | |
| Matotoru o te Pakitara (T) | Te matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua | ≥90% |
| Roa (L) | ≤6.5m (22 putu) | -6mm (1/4inihi) - +13mm (1/2inihi) |
| ＞6.5m (22 putu) | -6mm (1/4inihi) - +19mm (3/4) | |
| Te tika | Kei roto i ngā waeine emepaea (ft) ngā roa | R/40 |
| Ko ngā waeine roa he ine (m) | L/50 | |
| Ngā whakaritenga manawanui mō ngā rahinga e pā ana ki te maitai hanganga porowhita | ||
Te Whakatau i te Hapa
Me whakarōpūtia ngā hapa o te mata hei hapa ina he iti iho i te 90% o te matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua te hohonutanga o te hapa o te mata.
Kāore ngā tohu kua rongoatia, ngā tohu pokepokea ai, ngā tohu takahuri rānei, ngā pakaru papaku rānei e kiia he hapa mena ka taea te tango i roto i ngā rohe matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua. Kāore ēnei hapa mata e hiahiatia kia tangohia.
Te Whakatika i te Hapa
Ko ngā hapa e tae atu ana te matotoru o te pakitara ki te 33% o te matotoru kua tohua, me tapahi, me huri rānei kia kitea rā anō te konganuku kāore he hapa.
Mena e tika ana te whakarewanga taputapu, me whakamahi te tukanga whakarewa mākū.
I muri i te whakahounga, me tango te konganuku taikaha kia maeneene ai te mata.
Ingoa o te kaihanga. waitohu, tohu hokohoko rānei; te tohu whakatakotoranga (kāore e hiahiatia te tau i tukuna ai); me te reta tohu.
Mō ngā paipa hanganga he iti iho i te 10 cm te whānui o waho, ka whakaaetia ngā mōhiohio tautuhi i runga i ngā tapanga e piri pūmau ana ki ia paipa.
Kei reira anō te kōwhiringa ki te whakamahi i ngā paewaehere hei tikanga tautuhi tāpiri, ā, e taunakihia ana kia rite ngā paewaehere ki te Paerewa AIAG B-1.
1. Te hanga whareKo te maitai o te taumata C e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā hanganga whare ina hiahiatia he tautoko hanganga. Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā anga matua, ngā hanganga tuanui, ngā papa, me ngā pakitara o waho.
2. Ngā kaupapa hangangaMō ngā piriti, ngā hanganga tohu huarahi tere, me ngā reera hei whakarato i te tautoko me te pakari e tika ana.
3. Ngā whare ahumahi: i roto i ngā wheketere hanga me ētahi atu taiao ahumahi, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā tautoko, ngā pūnaha anga, me ngā pou.
4. Ngā hanganga pūngao whakahouKa taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i te hanganga o ngā hanganga pūngao hau me te pūngao rā.
5. Ngā whare hākinakina me ngā taputapu: ngā hanganga mō ngā whare hākinakina pēnei i ngā tūru, ngā pou whāinga, tae atu ki ngā taputapu whakapakari tinana.
6. Ngā mīhini ahuwhenuaKa taea te whakamahi hei hanga anga mō ngā mīhini me ngā whare rokiroki.
RahiHomai te whānui o waho me te matotoru o te pakitara mō ngā ngongo porowhita; homai ngā ine o waho me te matotoru o te pakitara mō ngā ngongo tapawhā me ngā ngongo tapawhā.
Te rahingaTuhia te roa katoa (putu, mita rānei) te maha rānei o ngā roa takitahi e hiahiatia ana.
RoaTohua te momo roa e hiahiatia ana - matapōkere, maha, motuhake rānei.
Whakatakotoranga ASTM 500Whakaratohia te tau i whakaputaina ai te whakatakotoranga ASTM 500 kua tohua.
TauTohua te taumata rauemi (B, C, D rānei).
Te Whakatakotoranga RauemiTohua he ngongo matao te rauemi.
Tikanga HangaWhakapuakina mēnā he hononga kore, he hononga whakarewa rānei te paipa.
Whakamahinga WhakamutungaWhakaahuahia te whakamahinga o te paipa
Ngā Whakaritenga MotuhakeWhakarārangihia ētahi atu whakaritenga kāore i roto i te whakatakotoranga paerewa.
He kaihanga me te kaiwhakarato paipa maitai waro kounga teitei mātou nō Haina, ā, he kaihokohoko paipa maitai kore hononga hoki mātou, e tuku ana i te whānuitanga o ngā otinga paipa maitai ki a koe!
Mena kei te hiahia koe ki te mōhio atu mō ngā hua paipa maitai, whakapā mai ki a mātou!
