He paipa maitai koranu tui kore te ASTM A335 P12 (ASME SA335 P12) i hangaia mō te mahi pāmahana teitei.
Ko ngā huānga matua o te whakarewa P12 he 0.08–1.25% chromium me te 0.44–0.65% molybdenum, e whakarōpūtia ana hei maitai whakarewa Cr-Mo.
He tino kaha tēnei rauemi ki te pāmahana teitei, te ātete ki te wera, me te ātete ki te waikura, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā kohua, ngā whakamahana nui, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā paipa oko pēhanga.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki ngā paipa P12 mō te piko, te flanging (vanstoning), me ngā mahi hanga rite, tae atu ki te whakarewa hanumi.
I te wā e whakahaerehia ana te whakamātautau hanganga matū mō te P12, me whakahaere kia rite ki te ASTM A999. Ko ngā whakaritenga hanganga matū koia ēnei:
| Tau | Te hanganga, % | ||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo | |
| P12 | 0.05 - 0.15 | 0.30 - 0.61 | 0.025 mōrahi | 0.025 mōrahi | 0.50 mōrahi | 0.08 - 1.25 | 0.44 - 0.65 |
Ka whakanui ake te chromium i te ātete pāmahana teitei o ngā paipa rino, ā, ka whakapai ake i tō rātou pumau i te wā roa o te whakamahinga pāmahana teitei. Ka whakanui ake te molybdenum i te kaha pāmahana teitei me te ātete ngoki.
| Tau | ASTM A335 P12 | |
| Kaha kume, min, ksi [MPa] | 60 [415] | |
| Kaha tuku, min, ksi [MPa] | 32 [220] | |
| Te toronga i roto i te 2 inihi, 50 mm rānei (4D rānei), min, % | Roa | Whakapae |
| Te roanga iti rawa mō te pakitara 5/16 inihi [8 mm] me te matotoru ake, ngā whakamātautau rīpene, me ngā rahi iti katoa i whakamatautauria i te wāhanga katoa | 30 | 20 |
| Ina whakamahia he ine porowhita paerewa 2 inihi, 50 mm rānei te roa, he tauira iti ake rānei te rahi me te roa ine e ōrite ana ki te 4D (4 ngā wā o te whānui) | 22 | 14 |
| Mō ngā whakamātautau rīpene, me tango he tangohanga mō ia hekenga 1/32 inihi [0.8 mm] o te matotoru o te pakitara i raro i te 5/16 inihi [8 mm] mai i te roanga iti rawa taketake o ngā ōrau e whai ake nei. | 1.50 | 1.00 |
Kaihanga me te Āhua
Me hanga ngā paipa maitai ASTM A335 P12 e tetukanga maeneeneā, me tunua kia wera, kia matao rānei, e ai ki te whakaritenga.
Te Maimoatanga Wera
Me whakamahana anō ngā paipa P12 katoa kia whakamahanatia, ā, me whakamahana anō kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te ripanga.
| Tau | Momo Whakamahana | Te pāmahana whakamahana, te pāmahana whakamahana rānei i raro i te hiranga |
| ASTM A335 P12 | te whakamahana katoa, te whakamahana isothermal rānei | — |
| whakataurite me te whakangāwari | 1200 ℉ [650 ℃] | |
| whakamahana i raro i te arohaehae | 1200 ~ 1300 ℉ [650 ~ 705 ℃] |
Me whakamātautau waipū ia paipa he nui ake i te 250 mm te whānui o waho, ā, he iti iho i te 19 mm te matotoru o te pakitara, he ōrite rānei ki te 0.75 inihi.
Heoi anō, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro e ai ki te ASTM E213, E309, me te E570.
Ahakoa te tikanga whakamātautau i whiriwhiria, me tohu i runga i te tohu paipa, me ngā whakaritenga tohu e whai ake nei:
| Ultrasonic | Te turuturu o te rere | Au Eddy | Waipūmau | Te Tohu |
| No | No | No | Āe | Pūwero Whakamātautau |
| Āe | No | No | No | UT |
| No | Āe | No | No | FL |
| No | No | Āe | No | EC |
| Āe | Āe | No | No | UT / FL |
| Āe | No | Āe | No | UT / EC |
| No | No | No | No | NH |
| Āe | No | No | Āe | UT / Kaiwhakamātautau Pēhanga |
| No | Āe | No | Āe | FL / Pēhanga Whakamātautau |
| No | No | Āe | Āe | EC / Pēhanga Whakamātautau |
Manawanui Ahu
Mō ngā paipa i tonoa ki te NPS [DN] rāneite whānui o waho, kaua ngā rerekētanga o te diameter o waho e neke ake i ērā kua tohua i roto i te ripanga pupuhi.
| Kaitohu NPS [DN] | Ngā Huringa Whakaaetia | |
| i roto i | mm | |
| 1/8 ki te 1 1/2 [6 ki te 40], inihi. | ±1/64 [0.015] | ±0.40 |
| Neke atu i te 1 1/2 ki te 4 [40 ki te 100], inihi. | ±1/32 [0.031] | ±0.79 |
| Neke atu i te 4 ki te 8 [100 ki te 200], inihi. | -1/32 - +1/16 [-0.031 - +0.062] | -0.79 - +1.59 |
| Neke atu i te 8 ki te 12 [200 ki te 300], inihi. | -1/32 - +3/32 [-0.031 - 0.093] | -0.79 - +2.38 |
| Neke atu i te 12 [300] | ±1% o te diameter waho kua tohua | |
Mō ngā paipa i tonoa kiate whānui o roto, kaua te whānui o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te whānui o roto kua tohua.
Te Manawanui ki te Matotoru o te Pakitara
Haunga te herenga ā-pūmau o te matotoru o te pakitara mō ngā paipa i whakatakotoria e te herenga taumaha i roto i te ASTM A999, me noho te matotoru o te pakitara mō ngā paipa i te pūwāhi ki roto i ngā āheinga i roto i te ripanga pupuhi.
| Kaitohu NPS [DN] | Manawanui, % āhua kua tohua |
| 1/8 ki te 2 1/2 [6 ki te 65] tae atu ki ngā ōwehenga t/D katoa | -12.5 - +20.0 |
| Neke atu i te 2 1/2 [65], t/D ≤ 5% | -12.5 - +22.5 |
| Neke atu i te 2 1/2, t/D ＞ 5% | -12.5 - +15.0 |
t = Te Matotoru o te Pakitara kua Tauwhāitihia; D = Te Diameter o Waho kua Tauwhāitihia.
| ASME | ASTM | EN | GB | JIS |
| ASME SA335 P12 | ASTM A213 T12 | EN 10216-2 13CrMo4-5 | GB/T 5310 15CrMoG | JIS G 3462 STBA22 |
Rauemi:Ngā paipa me ngā hononga maitai kore hononga ASTM A335 P12;
Rahi:1/8" ki te 24", ka taea rānei te whakarite kia rite ki ō hiahia;
Roa:Te roa matapōkere, te tapahi rānei kia rite ki te tono;
Tākai:He paninga pango, he pito whakarara, he parenga pito paipa, he pouaka rakau, me ētahi atu.
Tautoko:Te tiwhikete IBR, te tirotiro TPI, te MTC, te tapahi, te tukatuka, me te whakaritenga;
MOQ:1 mita;
Ngā Ture Utu:T/T, L/C rānei;
Utu:Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ngā utu hou mō ngā paipa maitai P12.
