ASTM A335 P11Ko te paipa maitai he paipa maitai koranu iti ferritic tui mō te mahi pāmahana-tiketike, UNS ti'araa K11597.
He koranu chromium-molybdenum te P11, he 1.00-1.50% te nui o te chromium, ā, he 0.44-0.65% te nui o te molybdenum.
He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā kohua, ngā whakamahana nui, me ngā whakawhiti wera i roto i ngā teihana hiko me ngā tipu matū.
Ngā whakaritenga hangarau oASME SA335meASTM A335he rite tonu, nō reira kia māmā ake te whakaatu, ka whakamahia e mātou te "ASTM A335" hei tohutoro mō ēnei paerewa e rua.
Rauemil: Paipa maitai kore-tuitui ASTM A335 P11;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: e ai kiASME B36.10ngā whakaritenga;
Rārangi Mahi: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 me SCH160;
Te tautuhi: STD, XS, XXS;
WhakaritengaKei te wātea hoki ngā rahi paipa kāore i te paerewa, kei te wātea ngā rahi ritenga ina tonoa;
Roa: Ngā roa motuhake me ngā roa matapōkere;
Tiwhikete IBRKa taea e mātou te whakapā atu ki te whakahaere tirotiro tuatoru kia whiwhi ai i te tiwhikete IBR e ai ki ō hiahia, ko ā mātou whakahaere tirotiro mahi tahi ko BV, SGS, TUV, me ētahi atu;
MutungaPito papatahi, pito piko, pito paipa hiato rānei;
MataPaipa māmā, peita, me ētahi atu parenga rangitahi, tango waikura me te oro, pania ki te konukōre me te kirihou, me ētahi atu parenga roa;
Te tākai: He pouaka rakau, he whitiki maitai, he waea maitai rānei, he parepare pito kirihou, he parepare paipa rino rānei, me ētahi atu.
Ki te kore e whakahuatia i roto i te A335, me tutuki ngā rauemi i tukuna i raro i tēnei whakatakotoranga ki ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o te putanga o nāianei o te Whakatakotoranga.A999/A999M.
Me rite te paipa maitai ASTM A335 ki tekore honongaKa nui ake te pono me te ōritetanga o ngā ngongo maitai tui ina pāngia e te pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana.
Ka taea te wehewehe i te tuitui kia rite ki te mea kua oti te whakamatao me te mea kua oti te whakamahana, i runga i te tono me te rahi.
Ko te tikanga o te tā wai matao he mea whakamahi mō ngā diameter iti, mō ngā ngongo rānei e hiahia ana kia tino tika, kia pai hoki te kounga o te mata. Ko te tikanga o te tā wai wera he mea whakamahi hei hanga i ngā paipa rino nunui, tika, matotoru hoki te pakitara.
Kei raro nei tētahi tūtohi rere o te tukanga hanga mō ngā paipa maitai tui kore kua wera-otihia.
Ko te maimoatanga wera o ngā rauemi P11 ka taea te whakamahana katoa, te whakamahana isothermal rānei, te whakamahana rānei i muri i te whakataurite, ā, i te wā e whakataurite ana, e whakamahana ana hoki, me neke atu i te 1200°F (650°C) te pāmahana whakataurite.
Mai i te hanganga matū, ka kitea ngāwaritia e tātouHe koranu chromium-molybdenum te P11.
Ko ngā koranu chromium-molybdenum he momo maitai, ko te chromium (Cr) me te molybdenum (Mo) ngā huānga matua o te koranu. Mā te tāpiri i ēnei huānga ka nui ake te kaha, te pakeke, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te ātete ki te waikura o te maitai. I ngā pāmahana teitei, ka taea e ngā koranu Cr-Mo te pupuri i ngā āhuatanga miihini pai me te hanganga pumau.
Cr: ka whakapai ake i te ātete waikura me te ātete waikura o te koranu, ka āwhina ki te hanga i tētahi kiriata waikura kaha ake, ā, ka tiaki i te rauemi mai i ngā mea waikura.
MoKa whakarei ake i te kaha o te koranu, inā koa i ngā pāmahana tiketike, ka whakapai ake i te ātete ngokingoki, ā, ka whakarei ake i te kaha pāmahana tiketike o te rauemi.
1. Āhuatanga Kume
Ko te whakamātautau kume e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei ine i tekaha hua, kaha kume, mewhakaroan o te kaupapa whakamātautau paipa maitai, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga rauemi o te whakamātautau.
AKei te Ripanga 5 ngā uara iti rawa i tatauhia.
I te wā e takoto ana te matotoru o te pakitara i waenganui i ngā uara e rua i runga ake nei, ka whakatauhia te uara roa iti rawa mā te tātai e whai ake nei:
Whakaroa, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Whakapae, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
kei hea:
E = te roa i roto i te 2 inihi, 50 mm rānei, %,
t = te matotoru tuturu o ngā tauira, inihi [mm].
2. Te pakeketanga
Kāore e hiahiatia he whakamātautau pakeke mō te paipa karaehe P11.
Kei raro nei te uara mārō tohutoro.
Āhua kua whakawerahia:
Ko te pakeketanga kei waenganui i te 150 me te 200 HB.
Āhua kua whakaōritehia, kua whakamāmāhia hoki:
Kei waenga i te 170 ki te 220 HB te pakeke.
Āhua whakapakeketia, ā, āhua whakamārōtia:
Ka eke te pakeketanga ki te 250 ki te 300 HB, neke atu rānei, i runga i te pāmahana me te wā whakamātao.
3. Ngā Kaupapa Whakamātautau Kōwhiringa
Kāore ngā tūemi whakamātautau e whai ake nei e hiahiatia ana, ka taea te whakatau mā te whiriwhiri mēnā e tika ana.
Tātaritanga Hua
Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi
Whakamātautau Piko
Ngā Whakamātautau Hanganga me te Whakairo o te Mea Whakarewa
Ngā whakaahua-maikoro
Ngā whakaahua iti mō ngā wāhanga takitahi
Me tutuki i te whakamātautau wai P11 ngā whakaritenga e whai ake nei.
Te whānui o waho ≤ 10 inihi [250mm] me te matotoru o te pakitara ≤ 0.75 inihi [19mm]: me waiho tēnei hei whakamātautau wai-pūmau.
Ētahi atu rahi mō ngā whakamātautau hiko kore-whakangaro.
Ko ngā whakaritenga whakamātautau wai ātete e whai ake nei i hangaia mai i ngā whakaritenga o te ASTM A999:
Mō ngā ngongo maitai koranu ferritic me ngā ngongo maitai kore waikura, ka pāngia te pakitara e te pēhanga kāore i iti iho i te60% o te kaha tuku iti rawa kua tohua.
Me pupuri te pēhanga whakamātautau wai mō te iti rawa 5skahore he turuturu, he hapa rānei.
Pēhanga waipēhika taea te tatau mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
P = 2St/D
P= te pēhanga whakamātautau waipūmau i roto i te psi [MPa];
S = te ahotea o te pakitara paipa i roto i te psi, [MPa] rānei;
t = te matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua, te matotoru o te pakitara ingoa e ai ki te tau kaupapa ANSI kua tohua, 1.143 ngā wā rānei o te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara kua tohua, in. [mm];
D = te diameter o waho kua tohua, te diameter o waho e rite ana ki te rahi paipa ANSI kua tohua, te diameter o waho rānei i tatauhia mā te tāpiri i te 2t (e ai ki te whakamāramatanga i runga ake nei) ki te diameter o roto kua tohua, in. [mm].
Me tirotirohia ia paipa mā te tikanga tirotiro kore-whakangaro, e ai ki ngā Mahi.E213, WhakaharatauE309, Whakaharatau rāneiE570.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter
Mō te paipa i tonoa kiate whānui o roto, kaua te whānui o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te whānui o roto kua tohua.
Ngā ngongo i tonoa mai i roto iNPS [DN] ngā diameter o waho rāneikaua e neke atu i te mea kua tohua ki ngā ripanga i raro nei ngā diameter o waho.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Matotoru o te Pakitara
Me whakamahi i ngā caliper mīhini, i ngā taputapu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro rānei kua whakatikatikaina kia tika, ā, me whai tika hoki ngā inenga. Mēnā he tautohe, ko te inenga i whakatauhia mā te whakamahi i ngā caliper mīhini te mea e whai mana ana.
Ko te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara me te whānui o waho mō te tirotiro kia tutuki ai tēnei whakaritenga mō te paipa i tonoa e NPS [DN] me te tau o te rārangi mahi kei roto i teASME B36.10M.
He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā kohua, ngā whakamahana nui, me ngā whakawhiti wera i roto i ngā teihana hiko me ngā tipu matū.
Ngā PūweroE whakamahia whānuitia ana te P11 i roto i te hanganga o ngā poiha nā tōna ātete ki ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga teitei, inā koa i ngā wāhanga e pāngia ana e ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga tino nui.
Whakamahana NuiHei whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te mamaoa hei whakapai ake i te pai o te wera. Mā te p11 ka mau tonu te kaha me te pakari o te rauemi ahakoa ngā pāmahana tiketike.
Ngā whakawhiti weraKa whakarei ake te P11 i te waikura me te ātete pāmahana teitei o ngā whakawhiti wera, ā, ka whakapai ake i te pono me te haumaru o ngā taputapu.
Ngā pūnaha paipaHe maha ngā wā ka hiahiatia e ngā pūnaha paipa i roto i ngā tipu matū te kawe i ngā wai pāmahana teitei, i te mamaoa rānei. Nā te kaha pāmahana teitei me ngā āhuatanga miihini pai o te P11, he mea tino pai mō ēnei mahi.
a) He aha te rite o te ASTM A335 P11?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)He rino iti-koranu te P11?
Āe, he rino koranu iti te P11.
Ko te maitai iti-konumohe he konumohe rino-waro kua tāpirihia ki reira tētahi, ētahi rānei o ngā huānga konumohe (hei tauira, te chromium, te molybdenum, te nickel, me ētahi atu), ā, ko te tapeke o ngā huānga konumohe kei waenga i te 1 ki te 5%.
c)He aha te kaha kume o te ASTM A335 P11?
Te kaha kume iti rawa o te 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)He aha te kaha whakaputa o te ASTM A335 P11?
Te kaha kume iti rawa o te 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) He aha te rohe pāmahana mō te ASTM A335 P11?
I roto i ngā taiao waikura: Ko te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi he tata ki te 593°C (1100°F).
I roto i ngā taiao kore-waikura: ka taea te whakatutuki i te pāmahana ratonga mōrahi o te 650°C (1200°F).
f)He aukume te A335 P11?
He aukume tōna i te pāmahana rūma. Tērā pea ka whai hua tēnei āhuatanga i roto i ētahi whakamahinga, pērā i te wā e hiahiatia ana kia hototahi te rauemi ki ngā taputapu kimi aukume.
g)He aha te utu mō te ASTM A335 P11?
Ka rerekē ngā utu i runga i te mākete, whakapā mai ki a mātou mō te whakatau tika.
