ASTM A335 P91, e mōhiotia ana hoki koASME SA335 P91, he paipa maitai koranu ferritic tui kore mō te mahi pāmahana teitei, UNS Nama K91560.
He iti rawa tōnate kaha kume o te 585 MPa(85 ksi) me te iti rawate kaha hua o te 415 MPa(60 ksi).
P91kei roto i te nuinga o ngā huānga whakarewa pērā i te chromium me te molybdenum, ā, he maha atu anō ngā huānga whakarewa kua tāpirihia, nō temaitai whakarewa-teitei, nō reira he tino kaha, ā, he tino ātete ki te waikura.
Hei tāpiritanga, e rua ngā momo o te P91,Momo 1meMomo 2, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā tipu hiko, i ngā whare whakapai hinu, i ngā whare matū me ngā taputapu nui, me ngā paipa i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei.
E rua ngā momo o ngā paipa maitai P91, Momo 1 me Momo 2.
He rite tonu ngā momo e rua mō ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha me ētahi atu whakaritenga pēnei i te maimoatanga wera,me ngā rerekētanga iti o te hanganga matū me te arotahi tono motuhake.
Te hanganga matūKi te whakaritea ki te Momo 1, he pakari ake te hanganga matū o te Momo 2, ā, he nui ake ngā huānga whakarewa hei whakarato i te ātete wera me te waikura pai ake.
Ngā tonoNā te hanganga matū kua arotauhia, he pai ake te Momo 2 mō ngā pāmahana tino tiketike, ngā taiao waikura rānei, mō ngā tono rānei e hiahiatia ana he kaha me te roa teitei ake.
Me rite te paipa maitai ASTM A335 ki tekore hononga.
Kua whakarōpūtia te tukanga hanga maeneene ki roto imutunga weramekua tāia ki te makariri.
Kei raro nei he hoahoa o te tukanga whakaoti wera.
Ina koa, ko te P91, he paipa rino koranu-teitei, e whakamahia ana i ngā taiao uaua e pāngia ana e te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei, he pai te taumahatanga o te paipa rino tui-kore, ā, ka taea te hanga kia matotoru te pakitara, kia nui ake ai te haumaru me te whai huatanga pai ake.
P91 Me whakamahana ngā paipa katoa kia pai ai te hanganga moroiti o te paipa, kia pai ake ai ōna āhuatanga miihini, kia ātete ai hoki ki te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei.
| Tau | Momo Whakamahana | Te Whakaōrite i te Mahana | Te pāmahana whakamahana |
| P91 Momo 1 me te Momo 2 | whakataurite me te whakangāwari rānei | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 ~ 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
| whakamārie, whakangāwari hoki | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 - 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
Ngā Wāhanga Matū Momo 1 P91
| Tau | Te hanganga, % | ||||||
| Momo P91 1 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.08 - 0.12 | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.020 mōrahi | 0.010 mōrahi | 0.20 - 0.50 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.85 - 1.05 | |
| V | N | Ni | Al | Nb | Ti | Zr | |
| 0.18 - 0.25 | 0.030 - 0.070 | 0.40 mōrahi | 0.02 mōrahi | 0.06 - 0.10 | 0.01 mōrahi | 0.01 mōrahi | |
Ngā Wāhanga Matū Momo 2 P91
| Tau | Te hanganga, % | ||||||
| Ngā Wāhanga Matū Hua Momo 2 P91 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.07 - 0.13 | 0.30 - 0.50 | 0.020 mōrahi | 0.005 mōrahi | 0.20 - 0.40 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.80 - 1.05 | |
| V | Ni | Al | N | ōwehenga N/Al | Nb | Ti | |
| 0.16 - 0.27 | 0.20 mōrahi | 0.02 mōrahi | 0.035 - 0.070 | ≥ 4.0 | 0.05 - 0.11 | 0.01 mōrahi | |
| Zr | Sn | Sb | As | B | W | Cu | |
| 0.01 mōrahi | 0.01 mōrahi | 0.003 mōrahi | 0.01 mōrahi | 0.001 mōrahi | 0.05 mōrahi | 0.10 mōrahi | |
Mā ngā whakaahua e rua i runga ake nei, e māmā noa ana te kite i te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā huānga matū Momo 1 me Momo 2 me ngā herenga.
1. Āhuatanga Kume
Ko te whakamātautau kume e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei ine i tekaha hua, kaha kume, mewhakaroan o te kaupapa whakamātautau paipa maitai, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga rauemi o te whakamātautau.
| P91 Momo 1 me te Momo 2 | |||
| Te kaha o te kume | 85 ksi [585 MPa] min | ||
| Te kaha o te hua | 60 ksi [415 MPa] min | ||
| Te whakaroa | Ngā Whakaritenga Whakaroa | Roa | Whakapae |
| Te toronga i roto i te 2 inihi, 50 mm rānei, (4D rānei), min, %; Te roanga iti rawa mō te pakitara 6 inihi [8 mm] me te matotoru ake, ngā whakamātautau rīpene, me ngā rahi iti katoa i whakamatautauria i te wāhanga katoa | 20 | — | |
| Ina whakamahia he ine porowhita paerewa 2-inihi, 50-mm rānei te roa, he tauira iti ake rānei te rahi me te roa ine e ōrite ana ki te 4D (4 ngā wā o te whānui) | 20 | 13 | |
| Mō ngā whakamātautau rīpene, me tango he tangohanga mō ia hekenga 1/32 inihi [0.8 mm] o te matotoru o te pakitara i raro i te 5/16 inihi [8 mm] mai i te roanga iti rawa taketake o ngā ōrau e whai ake nei. | 1 | — | |
2. Te pakeketanga
He maha ngā momo tikanga whakamātautau mārō ka taea te whakamahi, tae atu ki a Vickers, Brinell, me Rockwell.
| Tau | Brinell | Vickers | Rockwell |
| P91 Momo 1 me te Momo 2 | 190 - 250 HBW | 196 - 265 HV | 91 HRBW - 25HRC |
Te matotoru o te pakitara <0.065 inihi [1.7 mm]: Kāore e hiahiatia he whakamātautau mārō;
0.065 inihi [1.7 mm] ≤ matotoru o te pakitara <0.200 inihi [5.1 mm]: Me whakamahi te whakamātautau pakeke o Rockwell;
Te matotoru o te pakitara ≥ 0.200 inihi [5.1 mm]: te whakamahi i te whakamātautau pakeke Brinell, i te whakamātautau pakeke Rockwell rānei hei whiringa.
E pā ana te whakamātautau pakeke Vickers ki ngā matotoru katoa o te pakitara o ngā ngongo. Ka mahia te tikanga whakamātautau i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga o te E92.
3. Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi
Me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau i runga anō i te Wāhanga 20 o te paerewa ASTM A999.
4. Whakamātautau Piko
Pikohia 180° i te pāmahana rūma, kaua e puta he ngatata ki waho o te wāhanga kua piko.
Rahi > NPS25, D/t rānei ≥ 7.0: Me whakahaere te whakamātautau piko, engari kaua te whakamātautau papatahi.
5. Ngā Kaupapa Whakamātautau Kōwhiringa P91
Kāore ngā tūemi whakamātautau e whai ake nei e hiahiatia ana, ka taea te whakatau mā te whiriwhiri mēnā e tika ana.
S1: Tātaritanga Hua
S3: Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi
T4: Ngā Whakamātautau Hanganga me te Whakairo o te Mea Whakarewa
S5: Ngā whakaahua iti
W6: Ngā whakaahua iti mō ngā wāhanga takitahi
S7: Maimoatanga Wera Rerekē-Kōeke P91 Momo 1 me te Momo 2
Me tutuki i te whakamātautau wai P91 ngā whakaritenga e whai ake nei.
Te whānui o waho ≤ 10 inihi [250mm] me te matotoru o te pakitara ≤ 0.75 inihi [19mm]: me waiho tēnei hei whakamātautau wai-pūmau.
Ētahi atu rahi mō ngā whakamātautau hiko kore-whakangaro.
Mō ngā ngongo maitai koranu ferritic me ngā ngongo maitai kore waikura, ka pāngia te pakitara e te pēhanga kāore i iti iho i te60% o te kaha tuku iti rawa kua tohua.
Me pupuri te pēhanga whakamātautau wai mō te iti rawa 5skahore he turuturu, he hapa rānei.
Pēhanga waipēhika taea te tatau mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
P = 2St/D
P= te pēhanga whakamātautau waipūmau i roto i te psi [MPa];
S = te ahotea o te pakitara paipa i roto i te psi, [MPa] rānei;
t = te matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua, te matotoru o te pakitara ingoa e ai ki te tau kaupapa ANSI kua tohua, 1.143 ngā wā rānei o te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara kua tohua, in. [mm];
D = te diameter o waho kua tohua, te diameter o waho e rite ana ki te rahi paipa ANSI kua tohua, te diameter o waho rānei i tatauhia mā te tāpiri i te 2t (e ai ki te whakamāramatanga i runga ake nei) ki te diameter o roto kua tohua, in. [mm].
Ka tirotirohia te paipa P91 mā te tikanga whakamātautau E213. Ko te paerewa E213 e aro nui ana ki te whakamātautau ultrasonic (UT).
Mena kua tohua motuhaketia i roto i te ota, ka taea hoki te tirotiro kia rite ki te tikanga whakamātautau E309, E570 rānei.
Ko te paerewa E309 e pā ana ki te tirotiro hikohiko (au eddy), ko te E570 ia he tikanga tirotiro e whakamahi ana i ngā rarangi au eddy.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Diameter
Mō te paipa i tonoa kiate whānui o roto, kaua te whānui o roto e neke atu i te ±1% mai i te whānui o roto kua tohua.
Ngā ngongo i tonoa mai i roto iNPS [DN] ngā diameter o waho rāneikaua e neke atu i te mea kua tohua ki ngā ripanga i raro nei ngā diameter o waho.
Ngā Rerekētanga Whakaaetia o te Matotoru o te Pakitara
Me whakamahi i ngā caliper mīhini, i ngā taputapu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro rānei kua whakatikatikaina kia tika, ā, me whai tika hoki ngā inenga. Mēnā he tautohe, ko te inenga i whakatauhia mā te whakamahi i ngā caliper mīhini te mea e whai mana ana.
Ko te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara me te whānui o waho mō te tirotiro kia tutuki ai tēnei whakaritenga mō te paipa i tonoa e NPS [DN] me te tau o te rārangi mahi kei roto i teASME B36.10M.
Ngā hapa
Ka kiia ngā hapa o te mata he kohakore mēnā he nui ake i te 12.5% o te matotoru o te pakitara ingoa, he nui ake rānei i te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara.
Ngā hapa
Ngā tohu ā-ringa, ngā karawarawa, me ngā poka, ko te hohonutanga o tētahi o aua hapa he neke atu i te 1.6 mm.
Ko ngā tohu me ngā karawarawa e tautuhia ana ko ngā tohu taura, ngā kopa, ngā tohu ārahi, ngā tohu hurihuri, ngā karawarawa pōro, ngā kaute, ngā tohu mata, me ērā atu mea pera.
Whakatika
Ka taea te tango i ngā hapa mā te huri, ki te kore te matotoru o te pakitara e toe ana e iti iho i te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara.
Ka taea hoki te mahi whakatikatika mā te whakarewa engari me tutuki i ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o te A999.
Me whakamahi i tētahi o ēnei tukanga whakarewa me ngā taputapu pau katoa mō ngā whakarewa whakatika i roto i te P91: SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9:SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + rere koretake; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; me FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91TI-B9. Hei tāpiri, kaua te tapeke o te ihirangi Ni+Mn o ngā taputapu pau katoa mō te whakarewa e whakamahia ana hei whakarewa i te whakatika P91 Momo 1 me te Momo 2 e neke ake i te 1.0%.
Me whakamahana te paipa P91 i te 730-800°C i muri i te whakatikatika i te whakarewa.
Me whai i te mata o waho o te paipa maitai kua tirotirohia ēnei huānga e whai ake nei:
Ingoa o te kaihanga, tohu hokohoko rānei; tau paerewa; tohu; roa me te tohu tāpiri "S".
Me whakauru hoki ngā tohu mō te pēhanga wai ātete me te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro i roto i te ripanga i raro nei.
Mena ka whakatikahia te paipa mā te whakarewa, me tohu "WR".
wh91 Me tohu te momo (Momo 1, Momo 2 rānei).
| ASME | ASTM | EN | GB |
| ASME SA335 P91 | ASTM A213 T91 | EN 10216-2 X10CrMoVNb9-1 | GB/T 5310 10Cr9Mo1VNbN |
Rauemil: Paipa maitai kore-tuitui ASTM A335 P91;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: e ai kiASME B36.10ngā whakaritenga;
Rārangi Mahi: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 me SCH160;
Te tautuhi:STD (paerewa), XS (tino kaha), XXS rānei (takirua tino kaha);
WhakaritengaKei te wātea hoki ngā rahi paipa kāore i te paerewa, kei te wātea ngā rahi ritenga ina tonoa;
Roa: Ngā roa motuhake me ngā roa matapōkere;
Tiwhikete IBRKa taea e mātou te whakapā atu ki te whakahaere tirotiro tuatoru kia whiwhi ai i te tiwhikete IBR e ai ki ō hiahia, ko ā mātou whakahaere tirotiro mahi tahi ko BV, SGS, TUV, me ētahi atu;
MutungaPito papatahi, pito piko, pito paipa hiato rānei;
MataPaipa māmā, peita, me ētahi atu parenga rangitahi, tango waikura me te oro, pania ki te konukōre me te kirihou, me ētahi atu parenga roa;
Te tākai: He pouaka rakau, he whitiki maitai, he waea maitai rānei, he parepare pito kirihou, he parepare paipa rino rānei, me ētahi atu.
