ASTM A334Tau 1he paipa maitai waro tui, he mea whakarewa mō te mahi pāmahana iti.
Ko te nui rawa o te waro he 0.30%, ko te nui o te konupūmā he 0.40-1.60%, ko te kaha kume iti rawa he 380Mpa (55ksi), ā, ko te kaha whakaputa he 205Mpa (30ksi).
Ko te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te kawe wai i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana iti, ngā taputapu pouaka whakamātao, me ētahi atu tono ahumahi e hiahia ana ki te ātete pānga pāmahana iti.
He maha ngā momo o te ASTM A334 hei whakamahi i ngā taiao pāmahana iti rerekē, arā:Tau 1, Tau 3, Tau 6, Tau 7, Tau 8, Tau 9, me te Tau 11.
E rua ngā momo maitai, ko te maitai waro me te maitai koranu.
Tau 1meTau 6he maitai waro e rua.
Ka taea te whakaputa māngā tukanga kore hononga, ngā tukanga whakarewa rānei.
I roto i te hanga o ngā ngongo maitai tui, e rua ngā tukanga whakaputa,Kua oti te tuhi, kua oti rānei te tuhi mātao.
Ko te kōwhiringa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakamahinga whakamutunga o te paipa, te rahi o te paipa, me ngā whakaritenga motuhake mō ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi.
Kei raro nei tētahi hoahoa o te tukanga whakaputa tuimotu kua oti te whakamahana.
Temutunga weraKo te tukanga paipa tuimotu ko te whakamahana i te maitai ki te pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka hangaia te paipa mā te hurihuri, mā te whakaputa rānei i te paipa ki waho. Ka puta tēnei tukanga i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, ka āwhina ki te whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti o te rauemi, kia piki ake ai tōna pakari me tōna ōritetanga whānui.
He tino pai te tukanga whakaoti wera mō te hanga i ngā ngongo whānui, matotoru hoki te pakitara, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā paipa kawe papatipu me ngā tono hanganga, ā, he pai hoki mō te hanga nui te rahinga nā te mea he iti te utu.
Tāia-makaririKa tukatukahia ngā ngongo maitai kore hononga mā te totoro i muri i te whakamataotanga katoa o te rauemi kia tutuki ai te rahi me te āhua e hiahiatia ana. Ka whakapai ake tēnei tikanga i te tika o ngā āhuatanga me te whakaotinga o te mata o te hua, ā, ka whakarei ake anō hoki te pānga whakapakeketanga makariri i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha o te ngongo, pērā i te kaha me te ātete ki te kakahu.
He tino pai te tukanga tāmi matao mō te hanga ngongo he iti te diameter me te matotoru o te pakitara, e hiahiatia ana te tino tika me te kounga o te mata, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā pūnaha waipēhi, ngā wāhanga motuka, me ngā taputapu pēhanga teitei hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia mahi teitei, ahakoa he nui ake te utu.
Whakarerekētia mā te whakamahana ki te pāmahana ōrite kāore i raro iho i te 1550 °F [845 °C] ka whakamatao ki te hau, ki te rūma whakamatao rānei o te oumu e whakahaerehia ana e te hau.
Mena e hiahiatia ana te whakamātao, me whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
Mō ngā momo ngongo maitai tui-kore o runga ake nei anake:
Whakamahanahia anō, ā, whakahaerea te mahi wera me te pāmahana o te mahi whakaoti wera ki te awhe pāmahana whakaoti mai i te 845 - 955℃, kātahi ka whakamatao i roto i te oumu hau whakahaeretia mai i te pāmahana tīmatanga kāore i raro iho i te 845°C.
Kua hangaia te matū Taumata 1 hei whakataurite i te kaha, te mārō, me te pakari pāmahana-iti mō ngā whakamahinga i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana-iti.
| Tau | C(Waro) | Mn(Mangane) | P(Pūhāora) | S(Whānariki) |
| Tau 1 | mōrahi 0.30 % | 0.40-1.06 % | mōrahi 0.025 % | mōrahi 0.025 % |
| Mō ia whakahekenga o te 0.01% waro i raro i te 0.30%, ka whakaaetia kia piki ake te konupūmā o te 0.05% ki runga ake i te 1.06% ki te mōrahi o te konupūmā o te 1.35%. | ||||
Ko te waro te huānga matua e whakanui ana i te kaha me te pakeke o te maitai, engari i ngā whakamahinga pāmahana iti, mā te nui o te waro ka whakaiti i te pakari o te rauemi.
Ko te Wāhanga 1, me te ihirangi waro mōrahi o te 0.30%, e whakarōpūtia ana he maitai waro-iti, ā, e whakahaeretia ana i te taumata iti hei whakapai ake i tōna pakari i te pāmahana iti.
Ngā uara roa iti rawa i tatauhia mō ia hekenga 1/32 inihi [0.80 mm] o te matotoru o te pakitara.
Ka whakahaerehia ngā whakamātautau pānga ki ngā ngongo maitai Taumata 1i te -45°C [-50°F], he mea hanga hei manatoko i te pakari me te ātete pānga o te rauemi i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana tino iti. Ka mahia te whakamātautau mā te tīpako i te kaha pānga e tika ana i runga i te matotoru o te pakitara o te paipa maitai.
Me hanga ngā tauira pānga pae-kokoki i te kurupae māmā, momo-Charpy, e ai ki ngā Tikanga Whakamātautau E23. Momo A, me te kokoki V.
E rua ngā tikanga whānui mō te ine i te pakeketanga ko ngā whakamātautau pakeketanga a Rockwell me Brinell.
| Tau | Rockwell | Brinell |
| ASTM A334 Tau 1 | B 85 | 163 |
Me whakamātautau ia paipa kia kore e whakangaro mā te hiko, mā te wai rānei, kia rite ki te STM A1016/A1016M. Ki te kore e tohua tētahi atu mea i roto i te ota hoko, ko te momo whakamātautau hei whakamahi me whiriwhiri e te kaihanga.
Haunga ngā tohu kua tohua i roto i te Whakatakotoranga A1016/A1016M, me whakauru hoki i roto i te tohu te mea kua oti te whakamahana, te mea kua kumea mātao, te mea kua tuia, te mea kua whakarewahia rānei, me ngā reta "LT" ā, whai muri ko te pāmahana i mahia ai te whakamātautau pānga.
Mena kāore i te rawaka te rahi o te paipa rino kua oti te hanga hei hanga i tētahi tauira pānga iti, kaua ngā reta LT me te pāmahana whakamātautau kua tohua e whakauru ki te tohu.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo mahi ahumahi e hiahia ana kia mahi i te pāmahana iti.
Te kawe wai cryogenicHe whānuitia te whakamahinga o te paipa maitai Taumata 1 hei kawe i ngā wai whakapūmau pērā i te hau māori waikura (LNG), te hau hinu waikura (LPG), me ētahi atu matū whakapūmau. Me kawe haumaru ēnei wai i ngā pāmahana kei raro iho i te pāmahana taiao, ā, ka mau tonu te paipa maitai Taumata 1 i ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me tōna hanganga i ēnei pāmahana iti.
Ngā pūnaha me ngā taputapu whakamataoE whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa tuku wai whakamatao i roto i ēnei pūnaha.
Ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā whakapūmauHe wāhanga nui ngā whakawhiti wera me ngā whakapūmau i roto i ngā rāngai ahumahi me te pūngao, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā ngongo maitai Taumata 1 hei rauemi hanga. Me whakamahi ēnei taputapu i ngā rauemi e mau tonu ana te kaha me te ātete ki te waikura i ngā pāmahana iti hei whakarite i te pono me te whai hua o te mahi mō te wā roa.
Ngā whare rokiroki makariri me ngā whare whakamataoI roto i ngā whare rokiroki makariri me ētahi atu whare whakamātao, me urutau ngā pūnaha paipa ki ngā pāmahana tino iti. Ka taea te whakamahi i te paipa maitai taumata 1 hei hanga pūnaha paipa i roto i ēnei whare nā te mea ka taea e ia te mahi tonu i roto i ngā taiao makariri me te kore e hē.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. JIS G3460:STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
Kua hangaia ēnei paerewa me ngā tohu kia rite ngā āhuatanga ki te ASTM A334 Tohu 1, me te whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga pāmahana-iti me ētahi atu paearu mahi e tika ana.
Mai i tōna whakatūnga i te tau 2014, kua noho a Botop Steel hei kaiwhakarato matua o ngā paipa maitai waro i te Tai Tokerau o Haina, e mōhiotia ana mō te ratonga pai rawa atu, ngā hua kounga teitei, me ngā otinga whānui. He maha ngā momo paipa maitai waro me ngā hua e pā ana ki tēnei kamupene, tae atu ki ngā paipa maitai kore hononga, ERW, LSAW, me SSAW, me te whānuitanga katoa o ngā hononga paipa me ngā flanges.
Kei roto hoki i ana hua motuhake ngā koranu kounga teitei me ngā maitai kore waikura austenitic, i hangaia kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā kaupapa paipa rerekē.
