ASTM A312 (ASME SA312) he paerewa whānuitia e whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa kowiri tira, e kapi ana i ngā momo paipa tuturu, whakarewa, me ngā momo paipa mahi-matao nui. He mea whakamahi noa i roto i ngā taiao ratonga pāmahana teitei me te waikura whānui. Kei roto i te paerewa he maha ngā tohu kowiri tira hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tono rerekē, me ngā tohu noa pēnei i teTP304 (S30400), TP316 (S31600), TP304L (S30403), meTP316L (S31603).
Hei kaiwhakarato paipa maitai kore waikura ngaio me te pono i Haina,Botop SteelE whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakarato i ngā hua paipa maitai kore waikura kounga teitei me te utu whakataetae me te tuku tere mō āu kaupapa. Whakapā mai ki a mātou kia whiwhi tautoko motuhake mai i tā mātou tīma mātau.
Me tutuki ngā rauemi i tukuna i raro i te ASTM A312 ki ngā whakaritenga e tika ana mō te putanga o nāianei oASTM A999ki te kore e whakahuatia i roto i tēnei tuhinga.
Ko ngā whakaritenga pēnei i te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, te whakamātautau wai-pūmau, te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro, me ngā ātete ā-ahu, me tutuki katoa ki ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o te A999.
He kowiri tira katoa ngā momo o te ASTM A312, nō reira he nui te chromium (Cr) me te nickel (Ni) kei roto i ōna hanganga matū hei whakarite i te ātete ki te waikura, te kaha ki te pāmahana teitei, me te roa o te mau i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi rerekē.
| Tau | Te hanganga, % | |||||||
| C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Mo | |
| TP304 | 0.08 mōrahi | 2.00 te mōrahi | 0.045 mōrahi | 0.030 mōrahi | 1.00 mōrahi | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 11.0 | — |
| TP304L | 0.035 mōrahi | 2.00 te mōrahi | 0.045 mōrahi | 0.030 mōrahi | 1.00 mōrahi | 18.00 ~ 20.00 | 8.0 ~ 13.0 | — |
| TP316 | 0.08 mōrahi | 2.00 te mōrahi | 0.045 mōrahi | 0.030 mōrahi | 1.00 mōrahi | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
| TP316L | 0.035 mōrahi | 2.00 te mōrahi | 0.045 mōrahi | 0.030 mōrahi | 1.00 mōrahi | 16.00 ~ 18.00 | 11.0 ~ 14.0 | 2.0 ~ 3.0 |
Mō ngā paipa TP316 kua whakarewaina, me 10.0 ki te 14.0% te whānuitanga o te nikara (Ni).
| Ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini | TP304 / TP316 | TP304L / TP316L | |
| Ngā Whakaritenga Kukume | Kaha Kume | 75 ksi [515 MPa] min | 70 ksi [485 MPa] min |
| Te Kaha o te Hua | 30 ksi [205 MPa] min | 25 ksi [170 MPa] min | |
| Te whakaroa i roto i te 2 inihi, 50 mm rānei | Roa: 35% min Whakapae: 25% min | ||
| Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi | Me whakahaere ngā whakamātautau whakapapatahi ki te 5% o ngā paipa mai i ia wāhi i whakamahanatia. | ||
| Whakamātautau Pirau Whakarewa | Ko te ōwehenga o te ngaronga o te konganuku whakarewa ki te konganuku turanga me 0.90 ki te 1.1. (Kāore e hiahiatia te whakamātautau mēnā kāore i tohua i roto i te ota hoko) | ||
Ina te paearu whakamātautau pānga mō teratonga pāmahana itihe 15 ft-lbf (20 J) te mimiti pūngao, he 15 mils [0.38 mm] rānei te whānui taha, e whakaaetia ana ngā taumata TP304 me TP304L e te ASME Pressure Vessel Code, Wāhanga VIII, Wehenga 1, me te Chemical Plant and Refinery Piping Code, ANSI B31.3, mō te mahi i ngā pāmahana iti iho i te -425°F [-250°C] me te kore e whakaaetia e ngā whakamātautau pānga.
Ko ētahi atu momo maitai kore waikura AISI e whakaaetia ana mō ngā pāmahana ratonga iti iho i te -200°C me te kore whakamātautau pānga.
Tukanga Kaihanga
E toru ngā tikanga e taea ai te hanga i ngā paipa ASTM A312 TP304, TP316, TP304L, me TP316L:kore hononga(SML), tukanga whakarewa aunoa (WLD), memahi makariri rawa (HCW), ā, ka taea te whakaoti wera, te whakaoti matao rānei ina hiahiatia.
Ahakoa te tikanga whakarewa, kaua e tāpirihia he konganuku whakakī i te wā e whakarewahia ana.
Me kotahi te hononga roa o ngā paipa whakarewa me ngā paipa HCW o te NPS 14 me te iti iho. Me kotahi te hononga roa o ngā paipa whakarewa me ngā paipa HCW he nui ake i te NPS 14, me hangaia rānei mā te hanga me te whakarewa i ngā wāhanga roa e rua o te rakau papatahi ina whakaaetia e te kaihoko. Me mahi ngā whakamātautau whakarewa, ngā whakamātautau, ngā tirotiro, ngā maimoatanga rānei ki ia hononga whakarewa.
Te Maimoatanga Wera
Me whakarato ngā paipa rino ASTM A312 katoa ki te maimoatanga wera.
Ko te tukanga whakamahana mō te TP304, TP316, TP304L, me te TP316L me whakauru te whakamahana i te paipa ki te iti rawa o te 1900°F (1040°C) me te tinei i te wai, te whakamatao tere rānei mā ētahi atu tikanga.
Me rawaka te tere whakamatao hei ārai i te rerenga anō o te warowaihā, ā, me taea te manatoko mā te whai i te ASTM A262, Practice E.
Mō ngā paipa A312 tuimotu, i muri tonu i te hanganga wera, ahakoa kāore te pāmahana o te paipa i raro i te pāmahana maimoatanga otinga iti rawa kua tohua, me tineia ia paipa ki te wai, me whakamatao tere rānei mā ētahi atu tikanga.
Me whakamātau ia paipa ki te hiko kore-whakangaro, ki te whakamātautau wai-pūmau rānei. Ko te momo whakamātautau hei whakamahi me whiriwhiri e te kaihanga, ki te kore e tohua tētahi atu mea i roto i te ota hoko.
Me whakahaere ngā tikanga whakamātautau i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga e tika ana o te ASTM A999.
Mō ngā paipa he rite, he nui ake rānei ngā hononga i te NPS 10, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau pūnaha hei utu mō te whakamātautau waipū. Mēnā kāore e mahia he whakamātautau waipū, me whakauru te "NH" ki te tohu.
Me tino tika ngā paipa kua oti, ā, me rite te āhua ki tā te kaimahi te āhua.
Me kore he unahi i roto i te paipa, me kore hoki e poke i ngā matūriki rino o waho. Kāore e hiahiatia te whakapūkara, te pupuhi, te whakaoti mata rānei ina wera te paipa. E whakaaetia ana te kaihoko ki te tono kia pania he maimoatanga whakakore ki runga i te paipa kua oti.
E whakaaetia ana te tango i ngā hapa mā te huri, engari kaua te matotoru o te pakitara e whakaitihia ki raro iho i te mea e whakaaetia ana i te Wāhanga 9 o ASTM A999.
| Kaitohu NPS | Manawanui, % āhua Ingoa | |
| Neke atu i te | I raro i | |
| 1/8 ki te 2 1/2 tae atu ki ngā ōwehenga t/D katoa | 20.0 | 12.5 |
| 3 ki te 18 tae atu ki te t/D tae atu ki te 5% tae atu ki te | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 3 ki te 18 tae atu ki te t/D ＞ 5% | 15.0 | 12.5 |
| 20 me te nui ake, he mea whakarewa, he ōwehenga t/D katoa | 17.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 me te nui ake, he hononga kore, tae atu ki te 5% tae atu ki te t/D. | 22.5 | 12.5 |
| 20 me te nui ake, he kore hononga, t/D ＞ 5 % | 15.0 | 12.5 |
t = Matotoru o te Pakitara Ingoa; D = Te Diameter o Waho o te Raupapa.
He maha ngā kōwhiringa takai a Botop Steel mō āu kaupapa, mai i te takai putea whatu me te takai putea kirihou ki te takai pouaka rakau, kia haumaru ai te whakahaere, kia tiakina i te wā e kawe ana, me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa.
Rauemi:Ngā paipa me ngā hononga kowiri tira ASTM A312;
Taumata:TP304, TP316, TP304L, me TP316L
Rahi:1/8" ki te 30", ka taea rānei te whakarite kia rite ki ō hiahia;
Roa:Te roa matapōkere, te tapahi rānei kia rite ki te tono;
Tākai:Pēke whatu, pēke kirihou, pēke rakau, me ētahi atu.
Tautoko:EXW, FOB, CIF, CFR;
MOQ:1 mita;
Ngā Ture Utu:T/T, L/C rānei;
Utu:Whakapā mai ki a mātou mō ngā utu hou.
