ASTM A106he paipa maitai he mea hanga ki te kore waipaipa maitai warohe pai mō te whakamahi i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei.He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara maha pērā i te ahumahi hinu me te hau, ngā tipu hiko me ngā tipu matū.
Ina koa,ASTM A106 Tau BHe tino rongonui ngā ngongo mō ngā mahi maha nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga mahi ā-pūkaha o te nuinga o ngā mīhini hanga, me tōna utu iti hoki.
ASME SA106 = ASTM A106.
He ōrite ngā rauemi me ngā āhuatanga o te ASME SA106 me te ASTM A106, ā, he rite tonu ngā whakaritenga paerewa; engari nō ngā whakahaere whakaputa paerewa rerekē, ā, e whakamahia ana hei whakatutuki i ngā pūnaha tiwhikete rerekē.
Diameter Ingoa: DN 6 - DN 1200 [NPS 1/8 - NPS 48];
Diameter o Waho: 10.3 - 1219 mm [0.405 - 48 inihi];
Ngā matotoru o te pakitarae whakaaturia ana i roto iASME B 36.10.
Ko ngā akomanga matotoru pakitara noa koKaupapa 40meKaupapa 80.
Ka whakaaetia kia whakamahia ngā rahi paipa ehara i te rahi paerewa, mena ka tutuki i aua rahi ngā whakaritenga katoa o tēnei waehere.
TeASTM A106e toru ngā taumata rerekē o te paerewa,Taumata A, Taumata B, me Taumata C.
Ka piki ake te kaha hua me te kaha kume i te taha o te kōeke, e whakamahia ana hei whakatutuki i ngā taiao whakamahinga rerekē.
Me patu te rino, kia rite ki te rino kua oti te patu.
Me hanga te paipa maitai ASTM A106 mā te whakamahi i tētahitukanga whakaputa maeneene.
I runga i te rahi o te paipa me te tono motuhake, ka taea te whakarōpū anō kia rite ki:wera-otimehe mea tōia mātaongā momo
DN ≤ 40 [NPS ≤ 1 1/2], ka taea te hanga i te mea kua oti te wera, te mea kua oti te matao rānei, ko te nuinga he mea kua oti te matao.
Me whakaoti wera te DN ≥ 50 [NPS ≥ 2]. E wātea ana hoki ngā ngongo maitai kore-hono e kumea ana i te matao ina tonoa.
Kei raro nei he hoahoa kauwhata o te tukanga whakaputa o te paipa maitai tui kore kua wera-oti.
Ka taea te tiro i ngā tūtohi rere whakaputa matao mā te pāwhiri i teNgā Ngongo Rino Waro Tuitui Korekore ASTM A556.
He rerekētanga ā-ahu hoki ngā paipa maitai tui-kore, he mea wera-oti, he mea kumea matao-kore, he tika hoki ngā āhuatanga hangarau, ngā kounga mata, me te tika o ngā āhuatanga, tae atu ki ngā rerekētanga ā-ahu.
Ka hangaia ngā ngongo wera-oti i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, he pakari ake engari he taratara ake ngā mata, ā, he iti ake te tika o ngā āhuatanga; engari ko ngā ngongo kumea matao ka hangaia mā te whakarerekētanga kirihou i te pāmahana rūma, ā, he kaha ake, he maeneene ake ngā mata, ā, he tika ake te whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga, kia pai ai mō ngā tono e hiahia ana kia tika ake te mahi me te mahi.
Tāia-makaririme whakamahana ngā paipa ki te1200°F [650°C]teitei ake rānei i muri i te tango matao whakamutunga.
Kua oti te werakāore e hiahiatia he maimoatanga wera anō mō ngā ngongo maitai.
Mena e hiahiatia ana he maimoatanga wera mō ngā paipa maitai kua oti te whakamahana, me nui ake te pāmahana maimoatanga wera i te1500°F [650°C].
Ka whakapai ake te maimoatanga wera i te hanganga moroiti o te ngongo, ka whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini, ka whakarei ake i te ātete ki te waikura, ka whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te miihini, ka whakarite i te pumau o ngā āhuatanga, me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā paerewa motuhake, ā, ka tino whakarei ake i te mahi whānui me te pai o te ngongo.
a Mō ia whakahekenga o te 0.01% i raro i te mōrahi waro kua tohua, ka whakaaetia he pikinga o te 0.06% konupora ki runga ake i te mōrahi kua tohua tae atu ki te mōrahi o te 1.35%.
b Ki te kore e tohua tētahi atu e te kaihoko, mō ia whakahekenga o te 0.01% i raro i te mōrahi waro kua tohua, ka whakaaetia he pikinga o te 0.06% konupora ki runga ake i te mōrahi kua tohua tae atu ki te mōrahi o te 1.65%.
cKaua te Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, me te V e neke ake i te 1% o te tapeke o ēnei huānga e rima.
Ngā Tau A, B me Che rerekē te hanganga matū, ko te nuinga o ngā mea e pā ana ki te nui o te waro me te manganese.
Ka pāngia ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha me ngā āhuatanga whakamahinga o ngā ngongo e ēnei rerekētanga. Ka nui ake te waro, ka kaha ake te paipa, engari ka iti iho pea te pakari. Ka whai wāhi te pikinga ake o te konupora ki te kaha me te mārō o te maitai.
Āhuatanga Kume
AKo te roanga iti rawa i roto i te 2 inihi [50 mm] me whakatau mā te whārite e whai ake nei:
ngā waeine inihi-pauna:e = 625,000A0.2/UO.9
Ngā waeine Sl:e = 1940A0.2/U0.9
e: te roanga iti rawa i roto i te 2 inihi [50 mm], %, whakaawhiwhia ki te 0.5% tata,
A: te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te tauira whakamātautau kume, in.2[mm2], i runga i te diameter o waho kua tohua, i te whānui tauira ingoa rānei me te matotoru pakitara kua tohua, kua whakaawhiwhia ki te 0.01 inihi tata2[1 mm]2].
(Mēnā he ōrite, he nui ake rānei te horahanga i tatauhia i tēnei wā i te 0.75 inihi2[500 mm]2], kātahi ka 0.75 te uara i roto i2[500 mm]2] me whakamahi.),
U: te kaha kume kua tohua, psi [MPa].
Whakamātautau Piko
Mō ngā paipa DN 50 [NPS 2] me te iti iho, me nui te roa o te paipa hei whakaahei i te piko matao o te paipa mā roto i te 90° me te kore e pakaru huri noa i te mandrel porotaka he 12 ngā wā te whānui o te whānui o waho o te paipa.
Mō te OD > 25in. [635mm], ki te OD/T ≤ 7, me whakamātau te piko kia piko 180° me te kore e pakaru i te pāmahana rūma. Ko te whānui o roto o te wāhanga piko he 1inihi.
Whakamātautau Whakapapatahi
Kāore e hiahiatia ana kia whakamātauria te paipa maitai tui ASTM A106, engari me tutuki te mahi a te paipa i ngā whakaritenga e rite ana.
Ki te kore e hiahiatia he whakaritenga motuhake, me whakamātautau ia paipa mā te wai, mā te hiko rānei, ā, i ētahi wā ko ngā mea e rua.
Mena kāore anō kia mahia he whakamātautau wai-pūmau, he whakamātautau kore-whakangaro rānei, me tohu te paipa ki te "NH"".
Whakamātautau Waipūmau
Kaua te uara o te pēhanga wai e iti iho i te 60% o te kaha whakaputa iti rawa kua tohua.
Ka taea te tatau mā te tātai e whai ake nei:
P = 2St/D
P = te pēhanga whakamātautau wai ātete i roto i te psi, MPa rānei,
S = te ahotea o te pakitara paipa i roto i te psi, MPa rānei,
t = te matotoru pakitara ingoa kua tohua, te matotoru pakitara ingoa e rite ana ki te tau kaupapa ANSI kua tohua, 1.143 ngā wā rānei o te matotoru pakitara iti rawa kua tohua, in. [mm],
D = te diameter o waho kua tohua, te diameter o waho e rite ana ki te rahi paipa ANSI kua tohua, te diameter o waho rānei i tatauhia mā te tāpiri i te 2t (e ai ki te whakamāramatanga i runga ake nei) ki te diameter o roto kua tohua, in. [mm].
Mena ka whakahaerehia he whakamātautau pēhanga wai, me tohu te paipa maitai ki tepēhanga whakamātautau.
Whakamātautau Hiko Kore-Whakangaro
Ka taea te whakamahi hei huarahi kē atu ki te whakamātautau hydrostatic.
Me whakamātau te tinana katoa o ia paipa i tētahi whakamātautau hiko kore-whakangaro, e ai ki ngāE213, E309, rāneiE570ngā whakatakotoranga
Mena kua oti ngā whakamātautau kore-whakangaro, "NDE" me tohu te tohu" ki te mata o te paipa.
Papatipu
Me noho te taumaha tuturu o te paipa ki roto i te awhe o97.5% - 110%o te papatipu kua tohua.
Diameter o Waho
Matotoru
Te matotoru iti rawa o te pakitara = 87.5% o te matotoru o te pakitara kua tohua.
Ngā roa
Ka taea te whakarōpū ki roto iroa kua tohua, roa matapōkere kotahi, mete roa matapōkere takirua.
Te roa kua tohua: e ai ki te whakahau.
Roanga matapōkere kotahi: 4.8-6.7 m [16-22 putu].
E whakaaetia ana kia iti iho i te 4.8 m [16 putu] te roa o te 5%, engari kaua e poto iho i te 3.7 m [12 putu].
Ngā roa matapōkere takiruaKo te roa toharite iti rawa ko te 10.7 m [35 putu] ā, ko te roa iti rawa ko te 6.7 m [22 putu].
E rima ōrau o te roa e whakaaetia ana kia iti iho i te 6.7 m [22 putu], engari kaua e poto iho i te 4.8 m [16 putu].
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te paipa maitai ASTM A106 i roto i ngā tono ahumahi maha nā tōna ātete pai ki ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga teitei.
1. Te umanga hinu me te hauE whakamahia whānuitia ana te paipa maitai ASTM A106 i roto i ngā paipa hinu me te hau tawhiti, ngā taputapu keri, me ngā whare whakapai hinu, ā, mā tōna ātete ki te pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei ka noho haumaru, ka pono hoki i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
2. Ngā tipu hikoWhakamahia i roto i ngā paipa poihau pēhanga-teitei, pāmahana-teitei, ngā whakawhiti wera, me ngā pūnaha tuku mamaoa pēhanga-teitei hei whakarato i te mahi pumau me te roa o te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga tino kino.
3. Ngā tipu matūE whakamahia ana ngā ngongo maitai ASTM A106 i roto i ngā tipu matū mō ngā pūnaha paipa mō ngā tauhohenga pēhanga teitei, ngā oko pēhanga, ngā pourewa whakatō, me ngā pūwhakamātao, ka taea e ia te tu atu i ngā pāmahana teitei me ngā matū waikura hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whai hua o te tukanga.
4. Ngā whare me ngā hangangaWhakamahia i roto i ngā pūnaha whakamahana, whakapūhautanga, me te hauhautanga (HVAC) me ngā pūnaha tiaki ahi pēhanga teitei hei whakarite i te whakahaere pai me te haumaru o ngā pūnaha i roto i ngā whare.
ASTM A53 Tau BmeAPI 5L Tau B ko ngā momo whakakapi noa hei whakakapi i te ASTM A106 Grade B.
I runga i te tohu o te paipa maitai kore-tuitui, he maha ngā wā ka kitea e tātou ngā paipa maitai e tutuki ana i ēnei paerewa e toru i te wā kotahi, e tohu ana he tino ōrite te hanganga matū, ngā āhuatanga miihini, me ērā atu.
Haunga ngā rauemi paerewa kua whakahuatia i runga ake nei, he maha atu anō ngā paerewa e rite ana ki te ASTM A106 e pā ana ki te hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga hangarau.
GB/T 5310Tāpirihia ki te paipa maitai kore hononga mō te pōro pēhanga teitei.
JIS G3454Mō ngā paipa maitai waro mō ngā paipa pēhanga.
JIS G3455He pai mō ngā paipa maitai waro mō ngā paipa pēhanga teitei.
JIS G3456Ngā paipa maitai waro mō ngā paipa pāmahana-tiketike.
EN 10216-2Ngā ngongo maitai tui kore mō ngā mahi pāmahana teitei.
EN 10217-2Ngā paipa rino kua whakarewaina mō ngā mahi pāmahana teitei.
GOST 8732Ngā ngongo maitai hurihuri wera, he maeneene, mō ngā mahi pēhanga teitei me te pāmahana teitei.
Kua tirotirohia ia puranga o ngā paipa maitai ASTM A106 tui, kua tirotirohia rānei e te hunga ngaio tuatoru i mua i te wehenga atu i te wheketere, koinei tā mātou tohe ki te kounga me tā mātou whakapau kaha ki ngā kiritaki.
Tirotiro i te Diameter o Waho
Tirotiro Matotoru o te Pakitara
Tirotiro Tika
Tirotiro UT
Arotakenga Whakamutunga
Tirotiro Āhua
Ahakoa te kounga o ā mātou hua, ka tukuna atu hoki e mātou ngā momo kōwhiringa takai hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia kawe me te rokiroki rerekē. Mai i ngā whitiki tuku iho ki ngā takai tiaki ritenga, e whakapau kaha ana mātou ki te whakarato i te tiakitanga pai rawa atu mō ia uta o ngā ngongo rino kia tae haumaru atu ai ki a koe, kia kore ai e pakaru.
Peita Pango
Ngā Taupoki Kirihou
3LPE
Tākai
Pirau
Te Whakakotahi me te Tākai
Ehara i te mea ko te kounga o ā mātou hua anake te mea e whakamanahia ana e ēnei arotake, engari ko tā mātou whakapau kaha ki te ratonga anō hoki. Kei te tumanako mātou ki te mahi tahi me koe ki te whakarato i ngā otinga paipa maitai ASTM A106 GR.B tino tika mō āu kaupapa me te ratonga ngaio me te whai hua.
Mai i tōna whakatūnga i te tau 2014,Botop Steelkua noho hei kaiwhakarato matua o ngā paipa maitai waro i te Tai Tokerau o Haina, e mōhiotia ana mō te ratonga pai rawa atu, ngā hua kounga teitei, me ngā otinga whānui.
He maha ngā momo paipa rino waro me ngā hua e pā ana ki tēnei kamupene, tae atu ki ngā paipa rino kore-tuia, ERW, LSAW, me SSAW, me te whānuitanga katoa o ngā hononga paipa me ngā flanges. Kei roto hoki i āna hua motuhake ngā koranu kounga teitei me ngā rino kowiri tira austenitic, i hangaia kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā kaupapa paipa rerekē.
Paipa Rino Kore-Tuitui ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B Waro mō te Paipa Hinu me te Hau
Ngā Ngongo Whakamahana Wai Whāngai Rino Waro Korekore ASTM A556
Paipa Rino Kore-Tuitui Waro ASTM A334 Tau 1
Paipa Mīhini Rino Kore-Tuitui ASTM A519 Waro me te Koranu
Paipa Rino Kore-Tuitui JIS G3455 STS370 mō te Ratonga Pēhanga Teitei
Ngā Ngongo Rino Waro ASTM A192 mō te Pēhanga Teitei
Paipa Kohua Waro Rino Korekore JIS G 3461 STB340
Ngā Ngongo Rino Tuitui AS 1074 mō te Ratonga Noa
Paipa Rino Tuitui API 5L GR.B Matotoru Taiepa Taumaha mō te Tukatuka Mīhini
Paipa Rino Kore-Tuitui ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B Waro mō te Paipa Hinu me te Hau
