Paipa maitai AS 1579He paipa rino whakarewa pewa whakarara tēnei e whakamahia ana mō te kawe wai me te wai para me te diameter o waho o ≥ 114 mm, me ngā puranga paipa kāore e neke ake i te 6.8 MPa te pēhanga kua whakatauria.
He hanganga porowhita ngā puranga paipa kua peia ki roto i te oneone, ā, kāore e whakamahia hei whakahaere i te pēhanga o roto.
Ko te diameter o waho iti rawa ko 114mm, ahakoa kāore he herenga motuhake mō te rahi o te paipa engari kua whakaratohia ngā rahi e pai ana.
Me hanga mai i ngā kounga maitai wera kua tātarihia, kua hangaia rānei kia rite ki te AS/NZS 1594, ki te AS/NZS 3678 rānei.
I runga anō i te whakamahinga whakamutunga, ka whakarōpūtia tonutia penei:
Ngā paipa kua whakamatautauria e te waime hanga mai i tētahi kounga tātari, hanganga rānei o te maitai hurihuri wera e tutuki ana i te AS/NZS 1594, i te AS/NZS 3678 rānei.
Ngā pou me ngā paipa kāore i whakamatautauria e te waime hanga mai i te kounga hanganga maitai e rite ana ki te AS/NZS 1594, AS/NZS 3678 rānei.
Tērā rānei,purangaka taea te hanga mai i tētahi taumata tātari e tutuki ana i te AS/NZS 1594., ā, i taua wā, me whakamātautau ā-ringa te maitai i runga anō i te AS 1391 hei whakaatu kei te tutuki i a ia ngā whakaritenga kume kua tohua e te kaihoko.
Ka hangaia te paipa maitai AS 1579 mā te whakamahi ite whakarewa pewa.
Me whakamahi ngā whakarewa katoa i ngā whakarewa matua kia ngoto rawa.
Ka whakamahia e te whakarewa pewa te wera o te pewa hiko hei rewa i ngā rauemi whakarewa, hei hanga hononga i waenganui i ngā whakarewa hei hanga i tētahi hanganga paipa rino tonu.
Ko te tukanga hanga whakarewa pewa e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te SAW (Submerged Arc Welding), e mōhiotia ana hoki koDSAW, ka taea te whakarōpū ki roto iLSAW(SAWL) me te SSAW (HSAW) e ai ki te ahunga o te hononga whakarewa.
Haunga te SAW, kei reira anō ētahi atu momo whakarewa pewa pērā i te GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, me te SMAW. He āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga tono anō ō ngā tikanga whakarewa pewa, ā, ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga whakarewa tika e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakaritenga o te paipa maitai e hangaia ana, te tahua, me ngā whakaritenga kounga.
Kāore ngā paerewa tonu e whakahua tika ana i ngā hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga hangarau motuhake, nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka whakawhirinaki tēnei ki ngā paerewa maitai motuhake pērā i te AS/NZS 1594, AS/NZS 3678 rānei, e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaritenga āhuatanga matū me te hangarau o te maitai e whakamahia ana hei hanga i ēnei ngongo.
Ko te waro ōrite anake e tohua ana e te AS 1579.
Kaua te waro ōrite (CE) o te maitai e neke ake i te 0.40.
CE=Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15
He tawhā nui te CE e whakamahia ana hei aromatawai i te āheinga whakarewa o te maitai. He āwhina ki te matapae i te pakeketanga ka puta pea i roto i te maitai i muri i te whakarewatanga, ā, mā reira ka aromatawai i tōna āheinga whakarewa.
Me whakamātautau te pēhanga waipū mō ngā paipa rino wai, wai para rānei e whakamahia ana mō te kawe.
Kāore e hiahiatia kia whakamātautauhia ngā puranga paipa mā te whakamahi i te pūnaha wai-pūmau nā te mea e whakamahia ana hei kawe i ngā kawenga hanganga, kaua ki ngā pēhanga o roto.
Ngā Mātāpono Whakamātautau
He hiri kei ia pito o te paipa, ā, he pēhanga wai-pūmau kei runga.
Ka tirohia te kaha i te pēhanga e tohu ana i te pēhanga hoahoa o te paipa. Ka whakamatautauria te piri o te turuturu i te pēhanga kua whakatauria o te paipa.
Ngā Pēhanga Whakamātautau
Ko te pēhanga mōrahi kua whakatauria o te paipa maitai ko 6.8 MPa. Ko te herenga mōrahi o ngā taputapu whakamātautau pēhanga he 8.5 MPa.
Pr= 0.72×(2×SMYS×t)/OD, P rāneir= 0.72×(2×NMYS×t)/OD
Pr: Pēhanga kua whakatauria, i roto i te MPa;
SMYS: Te kaha whakaputa iti rawa kua tohua, i roto i te MPa;
NMYSTe kaha whakaputa iti rawa, i roto i te MPa;
t: Te matotoru o te pakitara, i roto i te mm;
OD: Te whānui o waho, i roto i te mm.
I ngā āhuatanga ohorere, ka piki ake pea te taumahatanga o ngā paipa nā te pēhanga tauwhiro. I raro i ēnei āhuatanga, me whakatau e te kaihoahoa te taumahatanga whakakotahi mōrahi e whakaaetia ana, engari kaua e neke ake i te 0.90 x SMYS.
Pt= 1.25Pr
I muri i te whakamātautau kaha, kaua e pakaru, e turuturu rānei te paipa whakamātautau.
90% o te kaha hua iti rawa kua tohua (SMYS) te kaha hua iti rawa rānei kua tohua (NMYS) 8.5 MPa rānei, ko tēhea te iti iho.
Pl= Pr
Me whakahaere he whakamātautau turuturu ki runga i te paipa.
I te whakamātautau i te turuturu, kaua e kitea he turuturu i runga i te mata o te paipa.
Me kaua e iti iho i te 8.0 mm te matotoru o te pakitara o ngā paipa whakamātautau katoa kāore e whakamahia ana hei wai ātete.
Te paipame whakamātauria 100% o ana whakarewanga kāore e whakangaro mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ultrasonic, i ngā tikanga radiographic rānei, e ai ki te AS 1554.1 Kāwai SP, ā, me tutuki hoki ki ngā paearu whakaae kua tohua.
Te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro o ngā whakarewanga pou wāhangamō ngā puranga paipaMe tutuki ngā hua whakamātautau i ngā whakaritenga o te AS/NZS 1554.1 Class SP. Mēnā ka kitea i te tirotiro te kore e tutuki i te tapanga, me tirotirohia te whakarewa katoa o taua puranga paipa.
Me tiaki ngā paipa me ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana mō te kawe wai me te paru mai i te waikura mā te whiriwhiri i tētahi paninga e tika ana. Me pania te paninga kia rite ki te AS 1281 me te AS 4321.
Mō te wai inu, me tutuki i a rātou ngā whakaritenga o te AS/NZS 4020. Ko te whāinga kia kore ai ēnei hua, ina pā ki te pūnaha tuku wai, e pā kino ki te kounga o te wai, pērā i te poke matū, te poke moroiti, te whakarerekētanga rānei o te reka me te āhua o te wai.
Me mārama, me tuturu hoki te mata o waho o te ngongo, kaua e neke atu i te 150 mm mai i te pito, ki ngā mōhiohio e whai ake nei:
a) Tau rangatū ahurei, arā, tau ngongo;
b) Te wāhi i hangaia ai;
c) Te whānui o waho me te matotoru o te pakitara;
d) Tau paerewa, arā, AS 1579;
e) Ingoa, tohu hokohoko rānei o te kaihanga;
f) Te whakatauranga pēhanga o ngā paipa whakamātautau wai-pūmau (mō ngā paipa rino anake kua whakamatautauria ki te wai-pūmau);
g) Tohu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro (NDT) (mō ngā paipa rino kua oti te whakamātautau kore-whakangaro anake).
Me whakarato te kaihanga ki te Kaihoko he tiwhikete kua hainatia e whakaatu ana kua hangaia te paipa i runga anō i ngā whakaritenga a te Kaihoko me tēnei Paerewa.
ASTM A252: I hangaia mō ngā puranga paipa maitai, ā, kei roto ngā āhuatanga hangarau me ngā whakaritenga hanganga matū mō ngā akomanga mahi e toru.
EN 10219e pā ana ki ngā ngongo maitai hanganga whakarewa matao mō ngā tono hanganga tae atu ki ngā puranga paipa.
ISO 3183He paipa rino mō te umanga hinu me te hau, he pai hoki mō te kawe i ngā puranga paipa me te kounga me te kaha.
API 5LE whakamahia ana mō ngā paipa kawe waka i roto i te umanga hinu me te hau, nā ngā paerewa kounga teitei hoki i pai ai mō te hanga puranga e pāngia ana e ngā kawenga teitei.
CSA Z245.1: E tohu ana i ngā paipa rino me ngā taputapu mō te kawe i te hinu me te hau, e tika ana hoki mō ngā puranga paipa.
ASTM A690: I hangaia mō ngā puranga paipa rino e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taiao moana me ngā taiao rite, me te aro nui ki te ātete ki te waikura.
JIS A 5525Ko te paerewa Hapanihi tēnei e pā ana ki ngā paipa rino mō ngā puranga paipa, tae atu ki ngā rauemi, te hanga, te whānuitanga me ngā whakaritenga mahi.
GOST 10704-91He paipa rino hononga tika kua whakarewahia ki te hiko hei whakamahi i roto i ngā hanganga hanga me ngā hanganga hangarau, tae atu ki ngā puranga paipa.
GOST 20295-85Ngā taipitopito o ngā paipa rino kua whakarewahia ki te hiko mō te kawe i te hinu me te hau, e whakaatu ana i tā rātou mahi i raro i te pēhanga teitei me ngā taiao uaua, e tika ana mō ngā puranga paipa.
Mai i tōna whakatūnga i te tau 2014, kua noho a Botop Steel hei kaiwhakarato matua o ngā paipa maitai waro i te raki o Haina, e mōhiotia ana mō te ratonga pai rawa atu, ngā hua kounga teitei, me ngā otinga whānui.
He maha ngā momo paipa rino waro me ngā hua e pā ana ki tēnei kamupene, tae atu ki ngā paipa rino tuia, ERW, LSAW, me te SSAW, tae atu ki te whānuitanga katoa o ngā hononga paipa me ngā flange.
Kei roto hoki i ana hua motuhake ngā koranu kounga teitei me ngā maitai kore waikura austenitic, i hangaia kia tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā kaupapa paipa rerekē.
