Cov kav dej hlau yog ib hom hlau siv los tsim cov roj thiab cov kav dej thauj mus los. Raws li cov cuab yeej thauj mus los ntev rau roj thiab cov roj ntuj, cov kav dej muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev lag luam, kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
Daim ntawv thov hlau kav dej
Cov kav dej hlauCov qauv khoom muaj xws li cov kav hlau tsis muaj qhov thiab cov kav hlau welded, uas tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: alpine, thaj chaw muaj sulfur ntau thiab kev tso dej hiav txwv. Cov kav dej no nrog qhov chaw ua haujlwm hnyav muaj cov kab ntev thiab tsis yooj yim rau kev tswj hwm, thiab muaj cov kev cai zoo nruj.
Cov teeb meem ntau yam uas cov kav dej hlau ntsib suav nrog: feem ntau ntawm cov roj thiab cov roj av nyob hauv thaj chaw polar, cov dej khov, cov suab puam, thiab thaj chaw dej hiav txwv, thiab cov xwm txheej ntuj tsim teb raug hnyav heev; lossis txhawm rau txhim kho kev thauj mus los zoo, txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov kav dej txuas ntxiv mus, thiab lub siab xa khoom txuas ntxiv mus.
Cov Khoom Siv Hlau Pipeline
Los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov kav dej roj thiab roj av, cov xwm txheej tso kav dej, cov hom kev ua tsis tiav tseem ceeb thiab cov laj thawj ua tsis tiav, cov kav dej hlau yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo (phab ntsa tuab, lub zog siab, lub zog siab, hnav tsis kam), thiab kuj yuav tsum muaj txoj kab uas hla loj, Nws kuj yuav tsum muaj txoj kab uas hla loj, weldability, txias thiab kub tsis kam, corrosion tsis kam (CO2), tiv taus dej hiav txwv thiab HIC, SSCC kev ua tau zoo, thiab lwm yam.
①Muaj zog heev
Cov kav dej hlau tsis yog tsuas yog xav tau lub zog tensile siab thiab lub zog tawm los xwb, tab sis kuj xav tau qhov piv ntawm cov zis kom nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.85 ~ 0.93.
② Kev cuam tshuam siab heev
kev cuam tshuam siab tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tawg.
③Qhov kub hloov pauv qis qis uas yooj ywm thiab tawg yooj yim
Cov cheeb tsam hnyav thiab huab cua xav tau cov kav dej hlau kom muaj qhov kub hloov pauv qis-qaug zog. Lub cheeb tsam shear ntawm DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) tau dhau los ua qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tiav ntawm cov kav dej. Cov lus qhia dav dav xav tau tias qhov tawg shear cheeb tsam ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum ≥85% ntawm qhov kub ua haujlwm qis tshaj plaws.
④Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau kev tawg hydrogen-induced (HIC) thiab sulfide kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking (SSCC)
⑤ Kev ua haujlwm vuam zoo
Kev vuam zoo ntawm cov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev vuam zoo ntawm cov kav dej.
Cov Qauv Hlau Pipeline
Tam sim no, cov qauv kev siv roj thiab roj xa cov kav hlau siv hauv kuv lub tebchaws suav nrogAPI 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, thiab GB/T 9711, thiab lwm yam. Qhov xwm txheej dav dav yog raws li nram no:
① API 5L (kab yeeb nkab specification) yog ib qho kev qhia dav dav uas tau tsim los ntawm Maine Petroleum Institute.
② DNV-OS-F101 (submarine pipeline system) yog ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb uas Det Norske Veritas tau tsim rau cov submarine pipelines.
③ ISO 3183 yog tus qauv uas tau tsim los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Thoob Ntiaj Teb rau Kev Txheem rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov kav hlau rau kev xa roj thiab roj av. Tus qauv no tsis suav nrog kev tsim thiab kev teeb tsa kav dej.
④ Qhov tseeb version ntawm GB/T 9711 yog 2017 version. Qhov version no yog raws li ISO 3183: 2012 thiab API Spec 5L 45th Edition. raws li ob qho tib si. Nyob rau hauv kab nrog ob tug qauv uas tau hais txog, ob qib kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom tau teev tseg: PSL1 thiab PSL2.PSL1 muab ib qib zoo ntawm cov yeeb nkab kab; PSL2 ntxiv cov kev cai yuav tsum tau ua suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, qhov tawv ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, cov khoom muaj zog thiab kev sim tsis ua puas tsuaj ntxiv (NDT).
API SPEC 5L thiab ISO 3183 yog cov lus qhia txog cov kav dej uas muaj feem cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov sib txawv, feem ntau cov tuam txhab roj hauv ntiaj teb tau siv los sivAPI SPEC 5L cov lus qhia ua cov lus qhia yooj yim rau kev yuav cov kav dej hlau.
Cov ntaub ntawv xaj khoom
Daim ntawv cog lus rau cov kav dej hlau yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
① Qhov ntau (tag nrho qhov hnyav lossis tag nrho cov kav hlau);
② Qib kev cai lij choj (PSL1 lossis PSL2);
③Cov yeeb nkab hlauhom (seamless los yogcov yeeb nkab vuam, cov txheej txheem vuam tshwj xeeb, hom kawg ntawm yeeb nkab);
④Raws li cov qauv, xws li GB/T 9711-2017;
⑤ qib hlau;
⑥Txoj kab uas hla sab nraud thiab phab ntsa tuab;
⑦Ntev thiab hom ntev (tsis txiav lossis txiav);
⑧ Txheeb xyuas seb yuav tsum siv daim ntawv ntxiv.
Cov qib yeeb nkab hlau thiab cov qib hlau (GB/T 9711-2017)
| Qib hlau raws li qauv | qib yeeb nkab hlau | qib hlau |
| PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | Ib | |
| L245 | B | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | X46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | X56 | |
| L415 | X60 | |
| L450 | X65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | X42R | |
| L245N | BN | |
| L290N | X42N | |
| L320N | X46N | |
| L360N | X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | X60N | |
| L245Q | BQ | |
| L290Q | X42Q | |
| L320Q | X46Q | |
| L360Q | X52Q | |
| L390Q | X56Q | |
| L415Q | X60Q | |
| L450Q | X65Q | |
| L485Q | X70Q | |
| L555Q | X80Q | |
| L625Q | X90Q | |
| L690Q | X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | X42M | |
| L320M | X46M | |
| L360M | X52M | |
| L390M | X56M | |
| L415M | X60M | |
| L450M | X65M | |
| L485M | X70M | |
| L555M | X80M | |
| L625M | X90M | |
| L690M | X100M | |
| L830M | X120M |
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-30-2023