Hlau tsis xeb (Hlau tsis xeb)yog lub npe luv ntawm stainless acid-resistant steel, thiab cov qib hlau uas tiv taus cov xov xwm tsis muaj zog xws li cua, pa, dej, lossis muaj cov khoom stainless hu ua stainless hlau.
Lub sij hawm "hlau tsis xeb"tsis yog hais txog ib hom hlau tsis xeb xwb, tab sis hais txog ntau dua ib puas hom hlau tsis xeb rau kev lag luam, txhua yam muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv nws daim teb thov tshwj xeeb."
Lawv txhua tus muaj 17 txog 22% chromium, thiab cov hlau zoo dua kuj muaj nickel. Ntxiv molybdenum tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov xeb hauv huab cua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev tiv thaiv xeb hauv cov huab cua uas muaj chloride.
Ib. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb
1. Cov hlau tsis xeb thiab cov hlau uas tiv taus kua qaub yog dab tsi?
Lus Teb: Cov hlau tsis xeb yog lub npe luv ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb uas tiv taus kua qaub, uas tiv taus cov xov xwm tsis muaj zog xws li cua, pa dej, dej, lossis muaj cov hlau tsis xeb. Cov qib hlau uas xeb hu ua cov hlau uas tiv taus kua qaub.
Vim muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke, lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion yog txawv. Cov hlau stainless feem ntau tsis tiv taus cov tshuaj lom neeg corrosion, thaum cov hlau acid-resistant feem ntau yog stainless.
2. Yuav ua li cas cais cov hlau tsis xeb?
Lus Teb: Raws li lub xeev kev teeb tsa, nws muaj peev xwm muab faib ua cov hlau martensitic, hlau ferritic, hlau austenitic, hlau austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless hlau thiab hlau stainless hlau uas tau los ntawm kev sib tsoo.
(1) Martensitic hlau: muaj zog heev, tab sis tsis zoo plasticity thiab weldability.
Cov qib siv feem ntau ntawm martensitic stainless hlau yog 1Cr13, 3Cr13, thiab lwm yam., vim muaj cov pa roj carbon ntau, nws muaj lub zog siab, tawv thiab hnav tsis kam, tab sis qhov tsis kam corrosion me ntsis, thiab nws yog siv rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab siab thiab tiv taus corrosion. Qee qhov chaw dav dav yog qhov xav tau, xws li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, cov hniav turbine pa, hydraulic press valves, thiab lwm yam.
Cov hlau no siv tom qab quenching thiab tempering, thiab annealing yog qhov yuav tsum tau tom qab forging thiab stamping.
(2) Ferritic hlau: 15% txog 30% chromium. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, toughness thiab weldability nce nrog rau qhov nce ntawm chromium cov ntsiab lus, thiab nws qhov kev tiv thaiv rau chloride kev ntxhov siab corrosion zoo dua li lwm hom stainless hlau, xws li Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, thiab lwm yam.
Vim nws muaj cov chromium ntau, nws txoj kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab oxidation tsis zoo, tab sis nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem tsis zoo. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov qauv acid-resistant nrog me ntsis kev ntxhov siab thiab ua cov hlau tiv thaiv oxidation.
Cov hlau no tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov corrosion ntawm huab cua, nitric acid thiab ntsev tov, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo kub siab oxidation tsis kam thiab me me thermal expansion coefficient. Nws yog siv rau hauv nitric acid thiab cov khoom siv hauv Hoobkas zaub mov, thiab kuj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab, xws li cov khoom siv roj turbine, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Austenitic hlau: Nws muaj ntau tshaj 18% chromium, thiab kuj muaj li ntawm 8% nickel thiab me ntsis molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen thiab lwm yam khoom. Kev ua tau zoo tag nrho, tiv taus xeb los ntawm ntau yam xov xwm.
Feem ntau, kev kho cov tshuaj yog saws, uas yog, cov hlau yog cua sov rau 1050-1150 ° C, thiab tom qab ntawd dej-txias lossis cua-txias kom tau txais cov qauv austenite ib theem.
(4) Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless hlau: Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm ob qho tib si austenitic thiab ferritic stainless hlau, thiab muaj superplasticity. Austenite thiab ferrite txhua tus suav rau kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov hlau stainless hlau.
Yog tias muaj cov ntsiab lus C tsawg, cov ntsiab lus Cr yog 18% txog 28%, thiab cov ntsiab lus Ni yog 3% txog 10%. Qee cov hlau kuj muaj cov khoom sib xyaw xws li Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, thiab N.
Cov hlau no muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si austenitic thiab ferritic stainless hlau. Piv nrog ferrite, nws muaj plasticity thiab toughness ntau dua, tsis muaj chav tsev kub brittleness, txhim kho intergranular corrosion tsis kam thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo, thaum tswj hlau. Lub cev stainless hlau yog brittle ntawm 475 ° C, muaj thermal conductivity siab, thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm superplasticity.
Piv nrog rau cov hlau stainless austenitic, nws muaj lub zog siab thiab zoo dua qub tiv taus intergranular corrosion thiab chloride stress corrosion. Duplex stainless hlau muaj kev tiv taus pitting corrosion zoo heev thiab kuj yog cov hlau stainless txuag nickel.
(5) Cov hlau tsis xeb uas ua kom nag lossis daus tawv: lub matrix yog austenite lossis martensite, thiab cov qib siv feem ntau ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb uas ua kom nag lossis daus tawv yog 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al thiab lwm yam. Nws yog cov hlau tsis xeb uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog (ua kom muaj zog) los ntawm kev ua kom nag lossis daus tawv (tseem hu ua kev ua kom muaj zog hnub nyoog).
Raws li cov khoom sib xyaw, nws muab faib ua chromium stainless hlau, chromium-nickel stainless hlau thiab chromium manganese nitrogen stainless hlau.
(1) Cov hlau tsis xeb chromium muaj qee qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion (oxidizing acid, organic acid, cavitation), tiv taus kub thiab hnav tsis kam, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab roj av. Txawm li cas los xij, nws qhov weldability tsis zoo, thiab yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov txheej txheem vuam thiab cov xwm txheej kho cua sov.
(2) Thaum lub sijhawm vuam, cov hlau tsis xeb chromium-nickel raug cua sov dua kom ua rau cov carbides precipitate, uas yuav txo qhov kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab.
(3) Lub zog, ductility, toughness, formability, weldability, hnav tsis kam thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm chromium-manganese stainless hlau yog qhov zoo.
ob. Cov teeb meem nyuaj hauv kev vuam hlau tsis xeb thiab kev qhia txog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab khoom siv
1. Vim li cas thiaj nyuaj rau vuam cov hlau tsis xeb?
Lus Teb: (1) Qhov kub rhiab heev ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb yog qhov muaj zog heev, thiab lub sijhawm nyob hauv qhov kub thiab txias ntawm 450-850 ° C ntev dua me ntsis, thiab qhov tsis kam ntawm qhov vuam thiab thaj chaw kub-cuam tshuam yuav raug txo qis heev;
(2) yooj yim tawg los ntawm cua sov;
(3) Kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo thiab kev ua kom sov kub heev;
(4) Tus coefficient ntawm kev nthuav dav linear yog loj, thiab nws yooj yim los tsim cov deformation loj ntawm vuam.
2. Yuav muaj cov kev ntsuas thev naus laus zis zoo li cas rau kev vuam cov hlau tsis xeb austenitic?
Lus Teb: (1) Xaiv cov khoom siv vuam raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov hlau puag;
(2) Kev vuam ceev nrog me me tam sim no, lub zog kab me me txo cov cua sov nkag;
(3) Hlau vuam txoj kab uas hla nyias, vuam pas nrig, tsis muaj kev co, ntau txheej ntau-pass vuam;
(4) Yuam kom txias ntawm qhov vuam seam thiab thaj chaw kub-cuam tshuam kom txo lub sijhawm nyob ntawm 450-850 ° C;
(5) Kev tiv thaiv argon rau sab nraub qaum ntawm TIG weld;
(6) Cov welds uas sib cuag nrog cov khoom siv corrosive thaum kawg tau welded;
(7) Kev kho mob passivation ntawm weld seam thiab thaj chaw kub-cuam tshuam.
3. Vim li cas peb thiaj yuav tsum xaiv 25-13 series vuam hlau thiab electrode rau vuam austenitic stainless hlau, carbon hlau thiab tsawg alloy hlau (differimental steel vuam)?
Lus Teb: Vuam cov hlau sib txawv uas txuas cov hlau austenitic stainless hlau nrog cov hlau carbon thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau, cov hlau uas yuav tsum tau vuam yuav tsum siv 25-13 series welding wire (309, 309L) thiab welding rod (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, thiab lwm yam).
Yog tias siv lwm cov khoom siv vuam hlau tsis xeb, cov qauv martensitic thiab cov kab nrib pleb txias yuav tshwm sim ntawm kab fusion ntawm sab ntawm cov hlau carbon thiab cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau.
4. Vim li cas cov hlau tsis xeb hlau thiaj siv 98% Ar + 2% O2 roj tiv thaiv?
Lus Teb: Thaum lub sijhawm MIG vuam ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb khov kho, yog tias siv cov roj argon ntshiab rau kev tiv thaiv, qhov nro ntawm lub pas dej ua kua yog siab, thiab qhov vuam tsis zoo, qhia txog cov duab vuam "humpback". Ntxiv 1 txog 2% oxygen tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm lub pas dej ua kua, thiab qhov vuam seam yog du thiab zoo nkauj.
5. Vim li cas qhov chaw ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb hlau khov kho MIG weld thiaj li dub? Yuav ua li cas thiaj daws qhov teeb meem no?
Lus Teb: Qhov ceev ntawm MIG vuam ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb hlau khov kho yog qhov ceev heev (30-60cm / feeb). Thaum lub qhov roj tiv thaiv tau khiav mus rau thaj chaw ua luam dej pem hauv ntej, qhov vuam seam tseem nyob hauv qhov kub thiab txias liab, uas yooj yim oxidized los ntawm huab cua, thiab oxides tau tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw. Cov vuam yog dub. Txoj kev pickling passivation tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tawv nqaij dub thiab rov qab kho cov xim qub ntawm cov hlau tsis xeb.
6. Vim li cas cov hlau tsis xeb hlau khov kho thiaj li yuav tsum siv lub zog fais fab pulsed kom ua tiav kev hloov pauv dav hlau thiab kev vuam tsis muaj spatter?
Lus Teb: Thaum cov hlau tsis xeb hlau khov kho MIG vuam, φ1.2 vuam hlau, thaum tam sim no I ≥ 260 ~ 280A, qhov kev hloov pauv dav hlau tuaj yeem paub; cov dej poob yog luv luv-circuit hloov pauv nrog tsawg dua tus nqi no, thiab cov spatter loj, feem ntau tsis pom zoo.
Tsuas yog siv lub zog fais fab MIG nrog lub zog pulse, cov dej ntws tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm qhov me me mus rau qhov loj (xaiv qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lossis siab tshaj plaws raws li txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov hlau), tsis muaj spatter vuam.
7. Vim li cas cov hlau vuam hlau tsis xeb uas muaj flux-cored thiaj li tiv thaiv los ntawm CO2 roj es tsis yog lub zog fais fab pulsed?
Lus Teb: Tam sim no feem ntau siv cov hlau vuam flux-cored stainless hlau (xws li 308, 309, thiab lwm yam), cov mis vuam flux hauv cov hlau vuam yog tsim raws li cov tshuaj vuam metallurgical tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm CO2 roj, yog li feem ntau, tsis tas yuav muaj pulsed arc vuam fais fab mov (Lub hwj chim muab nrog pulse yeej yuav tsum siv cov roj sib xyaw), yog tias koj xav nkag mus rau hauv qhov kev hloov pauv droplet ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem siv pulse fais fab mov lossis cov qauv vuam roj tiv thaiv ib txwm muaj nrog kev sib xyaw roj vuam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-24-2023