Qhov hu uahlau yeeb nkabyog ntxiv qee cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke raws li cov hlau carbon, xws li Si, Mn, W, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Mo, thiab lwm yam, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog, kev tawv, kev tawv tawv, kev vuam, thiab lwm yam ntawm cov hlau. Kev ua tau zoo. Cov hlau sib xyaw tuaj yeem raug faib ua pawg raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, thiab hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam thiab lub neej, cov hlau sib xyaw yuav raug siv rau hauv cov lag luam tshwj xeeb, thiab nws kuj yog ib txwm muaj los faib ua pawg raws li lub hom phiaj.
Kev faib tawm raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw
Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau: tag nrho cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau tsawg dua 5%;
Cov hlau alloy nruab nrab: tag nrho cov alloy yog 5 ~ 10%;
Cov hlau alloy siab: tag nrho cov alloy siab dua 10%.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm lub hom phiaj
Cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke: cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke qis (tseem hu ua cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke qis); hlau sib xyaw ua ke, hlau sib xyaw ua ke thiab kub, hlau sib xyaw ua ke; hlau sib xyaw ua ke
Cov hlau siv rau cov cuab yeej sib xyaw: cov hlau siv rau kev txiav cov cuab yeej sib xyaw (xws li cov hlau siv rau kev txiav cov cuab yeej sib xyaw qis, cov hlau ceev ceev); cov hlau sib xyaw tuag (xws li cov hlau tuag txias, cov hlau tuag kub); cov hlau rau kev ntsuas cov cuab yeej
Cov hlau ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb: hlau tsis xeb, hlau tiv taus cua sov, hlau tiv taus hnav, thiab lwm yam.
Tus lej hlau sib xyaw
Cov hlau tsis tshua muaj zog thiab muaj zog
Nws lub npe hom lag luam tau teeb tsa raws li peb ntu: tsab ntawv Suav pinyin (Q) sawv cev rau qhov taw tes tawm, qhov txwv tsis pub tawm, thiab lub cim qib zoo (A, B, C, D, E). Piv txwv li, Q390A txhais tau tias cov hlau tsis tshua muaj zog nrog lub zog tawm σs = 390N / mm2 thiab qib zoo A.
Cov hlau ua vaj tse hlau
Nws lub npe hom muaj peb ntu: "ob tus lej, kaum lub cim ntsiab lus + tus lej". Ob tus lej thawj zaug sawv cev rau 10,000 npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon hauv cov hlau, lub cim ntsiab lus qhia txog cov khoom sib xyaw uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlau, thiab cov lej tom qab lub cim ntsiab lus qhia txog 100 npaug ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Thaum qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tsawg dua 1.5%, feem ntau tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tau qhia tab sis tsis yog tus nqi lej; thaum qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw yog ≥1.5%, ≥2.5%, ≥3.5%, ..., 2 thiab 3 yog cim tom qab cov khoom sib xyaw, 4, . . . Piv txwv li, 40Cr muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon Wc = 0.4%, thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov chromium WCr <1.5%. Yog tias nws yog cov hlau zoo, ntxiv "A" thaum kawg ntawm qib. Piv txwv li, 38CrMoAlA hlau yog cov hlau zoo.
Cov hlau dov
Ntxiv "G" (tsab ntawv thawj zaug ntawm Suav pinyin ntawm lo lus "yob") ua ntej lub npe hom, thiab tus lej tom qab nws qhia txog ib txhiab npaug ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm chromium, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa roj carbon tsis tau cim. Piv txwv li, GCr15 hlau yog cov hlau dov nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm chromium WCr = 1.5%. Yog tias cov hlau chromium muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke tsis yog chromium, txoj kev qhia tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus no zoo ib yam li cov hlau sib xyaw ua ke dav dav. Cov hlau dov yog cov hlau zoo, tab sis "A" tsis ntxiv tom qab qib.
Cov hlau siv ua hlau
Qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kev suav lej ntawm hom hlau no thiab cov hlau ua los ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw yog tias thaum Wc <1%, ib tus lej siv los qhia txog qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau txhiab npaug; thaum qhov hnyav ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau ≥1%, nws tsis raug cim. Piv txwv li, Cr12MoV hlau muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau ntawm Wc = 1.45% ~ 1.70%, yog li nws tsis raug cim; qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov hnyav ntawm Cr yog 12%, thiab qhov hnyav ntawm Mo thiab V ob leeg tsawg dua 1.5%. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog 9SiCr hlau, nws qhov nruab nrab Wc = 0.9%, thiab qhov nruab nrab WCr yog <1.5%. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau siv ceev ceev yog qhov tshwj xeeb, thiab nws qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon ntau tsis raug cim txawm tias nws ntau npaum li cas los xij. Vim tias cov hlau siv hlau sib xyaw thiab cov hlau siv ceev ceev yog cov hlau zoo, tsis tas yuav cim "A" tom qab nws qib.
Cov hlau tsis xeb thiab cov hlau uas tiv taus cua sov
Tus lej nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm hom hlau no qhia txog ib txhiab npaug ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Piv txwv li, 3Crl3 hlau txhais tau tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon Wc = 0.3%, thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pa roj carbon WCr = 13%. Thaum qhov feem pua ntawm cov pa roj carbon Wc ≤ 0.03% thiab Wc ≤ 0.08%, nws yog qhia los ntawm "00" thiab "0" nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub npe, xws li 00Cr17Ni14Mo2, 0Cr19Ni9 hlau, thiab lwm yam.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Peb Hlis-13-2023