Cov hlau ua vaj tseyog ib qho khoom siv hauv tsev uas ua los ntawm cov hlau qib tshwj xeeb thiab muaj ntau yam duab sib tshuam (lossis "profiles"). Cov hlau qauv raug tsim los nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab uas tsim rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, cov hlau ua vaj tse yuav tsum ua raws li tus qauv EuropeanEN 10025, uas yog tswj hwm los ntawm European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), ib pawg me ntawm European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
Muaj ntau yam piv txwv ntawm cov hlau European structural steel qib, xws li S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 thiab S460. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tsom mus rau cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev siv ntawm S235, S275 thiab S355, peb qib hlau structural uas siv rau hauv ntau yam haujlwm tsim kho hauv European Union.
Raws li Eurocode kev faib tawm, cov hlau ua vaj tse yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm cov cim txheem suav nrog tab sis tsis txwv rau S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR thiab JO, qhov twg:
Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw, thiab kev siv cuam tshuam, cov ntawv ntxiv thiab kev faib tawm yuav raug siv los txheeb xyuas qib hlau lossis khoom tshwj xeeb.
Kev faib tawm ntawm EU tsis yog tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb, yog li ntau qib tseem ceeb nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ib yam yuav siv tau rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, cov hlau tsim rau kev lag luam hauv Tebchaws Meskas yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov kev cai ntawm American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Cov lej thoob ntiaj teb pib nrog "A" ua raws li chav kawm tsim nyog, xws li A36 lossisA53.
Hauv feem ntau lub teb chaws, cov hlau ua vaj tse raug tswj hwm thiab yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv tshwj xeeb tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov duab, qhov loj me, cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw thiab lub zog.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau ua vaj tse yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab tswj hwm zoo heev. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas txiav txim siab txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau. Hauv lub rooj hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom cov feem pua ntau ntawm qee cov khoom hloov kho tau uas muaj nyob hauv European cov hlau ua vaj tse S235,S275thiab S355.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov hlau qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev thiab tswj hwm nruj heev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau. Hauv lub rooj hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom feem pua ntau tshaj plaws ntawm qee cov ntsiab lus tswj hwm hauv European cov hlau qauv S235, S275 thiab S355.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau ua vaj tse yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov engineers thiab yuav txawv ntawm qib mus rau qib nyob ntawm nws lub hom phiaj siv. Piv txwv li, S355K2W yog cov hlau ua vaj tse uas tawv, hu ua K2, nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw tsim los rau kev tiv taus huab cua siab dua - W. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ntawm cov hlau ua vaj tse no txawv me ntsis ntawm tus qauv.Qib S355.
Cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau qauv yog lub hauv paus ntawm nws txoj kev faib tawm thiab kev siv. Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txog cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau, nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub cov qauv tsawg kawg nkaus rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab lossis kev ua tau zoo, xws li lub zog tso zis thiab lub zog tensile, raws li tau piav qhia ntxiv hauv qab no.
Lub zog ntawm cov hlau qauv ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua kom cov hlau hloov pauv mus tas li. Lub npe siv hauv tus qauv European EN10025 yog hais txog lub zog tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov hlau uas raug sim ntawm 16 hli tuab.
Lub zog tensile ntawm cov hlau qauv muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog qhov chaw uas qhov kev hloov pauv mus tas li tshwm sim thaum cov khoom raug ncab lossis ncab hla nws qhov ntev.
Cov hlau ua vaj tse muaj ntau qib sib txawv, tab sis feem ntau muag ua ntej ua ib daim duab tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau kev siv tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, cov hlau ua vaj tse muag ua I-beams, Z-beams, box lintels, hollow structural sections (HSS), L-beams, thiab steel plates yog cov khoom siv ntau.
Nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov xav tau, tus engineer qhia meej qib ntawm cov hlau - feem ntau yog kom ua tau raws li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog, qhov hnyav tshaj plaws, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm huab cua - nrog rau cov duab ntawm seem - piv rau qhov chaw xav tau thiab cov khoom thauj uas xav tau.
Cov hlau ua vaj tse muaj ntau yam kev siv, thiab nws cov kev siv kuj sib txawv. Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb vim lawv muab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev vuam zoo thiab kev lav lub zog. Cov hlau ua vaj tse yog cov khoom siv hloov pauv tau yooj yim heev uas cov kws ua vaj tse feem ntau nyiam nrhiav kev ua kom muaj zog tshaj plaws lossis cov qauv zoo li S thaum txo lawv qhov hnyav.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-13-2023