ASTM A214 cov kav hlau yog cov kav hlau carbon uas siv hluav taws xob los hloov cov cua sov, cov condenser, thiab cov khoom siv hloov cua sov zoo sib xws. Feem ntau nws siv rau cov kav hlau uas muaj sab nraud tsis pub tshaj 3in [76.2mm].
Feem ntau siv tau qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau yogtsis loj dua 3in [76.2mm].
Lwm qhov loj ntawm ERW steel yeeb nkab yuav muab tau, yog tias cov yeeb nkab no ua tau raws li txhua yam kev cai ntawm cov lus qhia no.
Cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm cov lus qhia no yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm tsab tam sim no ntawm Cov Lus Qhia A450 / A450M. tshwj tsis yog tias muaj lwm yam hauv no.
Cov raj yuav tsum tau ua los ntawmKev vuam hluav taws xob tsis kam (ERW).
Nrog nws cov nqi tsim khoom qis, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov ntev, lub zog zoo heev thiab ruaj khov, thiab kev tsim qauv yooj yim, ERW steel yeeb nkab tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv nyiam rau ntau yam kev lag luam piping systems, kev tsim kho vaj tse, thiab ntau yam kev tsim kho vaj tse.
Tom qab vuam, txhua lub raj yuav tsum tau kho cua sov ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1650 ° F [900 °] lossis siab dua thiab ua raws li kev txias hauv huab cua lossis hauv chav txias ntawm lub cub tawg tswj huab cua.
Cov raj xa dej txias yuav tsum tau kho cua sov tom qab qhov kawg txias-kos dhau ntawm qhov kub ntawm 1200 ° F [650 ° C] lossis siab dua.
| C(Cov pa roj carbon) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Phosphorus) | S(Xim av) |
| siab tshaj 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | siab tshaj 0.035% | siab tshaj 0.035% |
Nws tsis raug tso cai muab cov qib ntawm cov hlau sib xyaw uas xav tau ntxiv lwm yam khoom dua li cov uas tau teev tseg.
Cov kev cai kho tshuab tsis siv rau cov raj uas muaj sab hauv txoj kab uas hla tsawg dua 0.126 nti [3.2 hli] lossis tuab tsawg dua 0.015 nti [0.4 hli].
Cov Khoom Siv Tensile
Tsis muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom tensile hauv ASTM A214.
Qhov no yog vim ASTM A214 feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom sib pauv cua sov thiab cov condenser. Kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv no feem ntau tsis muab qhov siab siab rau ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Hauv kev sib piv, ntau qhov kev saib xyuas tau muab rau lub raj lub peev xwm los tiv taus qhov siab, nws cov khoom hloov pauv cua sov, thiab nws txoj kev tiv taus xeb.
Kev Ntsuas Kom Sib Nqus
Rau cov yeeb nkab welded, qhov ntev ntawm seem sim uas yuav tsum tau tsis pub tsawg dua 4 nti (100 hli).
Qhov kev sim tau ua ob kauj ruam:
Kauj ruam thawj zaug yog qhov kev sim ductility, sab hauv lossis sab nraud ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau, yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tawg lossis tawg kom txog thaum qhov deb ntawm cov phaj tsawg dua tus nqi ntawm H xam raws li cov qauv hauv qab no.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= qhov deb ntawm cov phaj tiaj tiaj, nyob rau hauv. [mm],
t= teev tseg phab ntsa tuab ntawm lub raj, nyob rau hauv. [mm],
D= qhov txoj kab uas hla sab nraud ntawm lub raj, nyob rau hauv. [mm],
e= 0.09 (kev hloov pauv ib chav ntev) (0.09 rau cov hlau uas muaj cov pa roj carbon tsawg (cov pa roj carbon uas teev tseg siab tshaj plaws 0.18% lossis tsawg dua)).
Kauj ruam thib ob yog qhov kev sim kev ncaj ncees, uas yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus kom txog thaum cov qauv tawg lossis phab ntsa yeeb nkab sib ntsib. Thoob plaws hauv qhov kev sim ua kom tiaj tus, yog tias pom cov khoom laminated lossis tsis zoo, lossis yog tias qhov vuam tsis tiav, nws yuav tsum raug tsis lees txais.
Kev Ntsuas Flange
Ib ntu ntawm cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum muaj peev xwm raug flanged hla mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau lub cev ntawm cov yeeb nkab yam tsis muaj kev tawg lossis qhov tsis zoo uas yuav raug tsis lees paub raws li cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom qhia tshwj xeeb.
Qhov dav ntawm lub flange rau cov hlau carbon thiab cov hlau alloy yuav tsum tsis tsawg dua li feem pua.
| Sab Nraud Txoj Kab uas hla | Dav ntawm Flange |
| Txog 2½ nti [63.5 hli], suav nrog | 15% ntawm OD |
| Tshaj 2½ txog 3¾ [63.5 txog 95.2], suav nrog | 12.5% ntawm OD |
| Tshaj 3¾ txog 8 [95.2 txog 203.2], suav nrog | 15% ntawm OD |
Kev Ntsuas Flattening Rov Qab
Ib lub raj xa dej uas ntev 5 nti [100 mm] uas vuam tiav lawm hauv qhov loj me txog li ½ nti [12.7 mm] sab nraud yuav tsum tau faib ua 90° ntawm txhua sab ntawm qhov vuam thiab cov qauv qhib thiab tiaj tiaj nrog qhov vuam ntawm qhov chaw khoov siab tshaj plaws.
Yuav tsum tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm cov kab nrib pleb uas tsis nkag mus lossis sib tshooj los ntawm kev tshem tawm flash hauv qhov weld.
Kev Ntsuas Qhov Nyuaj
Qhov nyuaj ntawm lub raj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj72 HRBW.
Rau cov raj 0.200 hauv [5.1 hli] thiab ntau dua hauv phab ntsa tuab, yuav tsum siv qhov kev xeem Brinell lossis Rockwell hardness.
Kev kuaj hluav taws xob hydrostatic lossis tsis ua puas tsuaj yog ua rau txhua lub yeeb nkab hlau.
Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic
Lubtus nqi siab tshaj plawsyuav tsum tau tswj hwm tsawg kawg 5s yam tsis muaj kev xau.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus hydrostatic test pressure yog txuam nrog rau sab nraud txoj kab uas hla thiab phab ntsa thickness ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Nws tuaj yeem suav los ntawm cov mis.
Chav Nti-Pound: P = 32000 t/DorChav SI: P = 220.6 t/D
P= kev sim hydrostatic siab, psi lossis MPa,
t= teev tseg phab ntsa tuab, hauv. lossis hli,
D= teev tseg sab nraud txoj kab uas hla, nyob rau hauv. los yog mm.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev sim, kom ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no.
| Sab Nraud Txoj Kab uas hla ntawm Lub Raj | Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic Siab, psi [MPa] | |
| OD <1 nyob rau hauv | OD <25.4 hli | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD <1½ nyob rau hauv | 25.4≤ OD <38.1 hli | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD <2 nyob rau hauv | 38.≤ OD <50.8 hli | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD <3 nyob rau hauv | 50.8≤ OD <76.2 hli | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD <5 nyob rau hauv | 76.2≤ OD <127 hli | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 nyob rau hauv | OD ≥127 hli | 4500 [31] |
Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Muaj Kev puas tsuaj
Txhua lub raj yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas los ntawm cov txheej txheem sim tsis ua puas tsuaj raws li Specification E213, Specification E309 (cov ntaub ntawv ferromagnetic), Specification E426 (cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog hlau nplaum), lossis Specification E570.
Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yog los ntawm ASTM A450 thiab ua tau raws li cov kev cai tsim nyog rau cov yeeb nkab hlau welded xwb.
Qhov hnyav sib txawv
0 - + 10%, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv qis.
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau tuaj yeem xam los ntawm cov qauv.
W = C(Dt)t
W= qhov hnyav, Ib/ft [kg/m2],
C= 10.69 rau Cov Chav Nti [0.0246615 rau Cov Chav SI],
D= txoj kab uas hla sab nraud uas tau teev tseg, nyob rau hauv. [mm],
t= teev tsawg kawg nkaus phab ntsa tuab, nyob rau hauv. [mm].
Kev Sib Txawv ntawm Phab Ntsa Thickness
0 - +18%.
Qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm phab ntsa tuab ntawm ib ntu ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau 0.220 hauv [5.6 hli] thiab siab dua yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj ± 5% ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa tuab ntawm ntu ntawd.
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa tuab yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov phab ntsa tuab thiab nyias tshaj plaws hauv seem.
Kev Sib Txawv Sab Nraud
| Sab Nraud Txoj Kab uas hla | Kev Hloov Pauv Uas Tso Cai | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4 ＜ OD ≤ 38.4 | ±0.006 | ±0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD <2 | 38.1＜ OD＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD <2½ | 50.8≤ OD <63.5 | ±0.010 | ±0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD <3 | 63.5≤ OD <76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ±0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Cov roj nplaum uas ua tiav lawm yuav tsum tsis muaj nplai. Yog muaj me ntsis oxidation ces yuav tsis suav tias yog nplai.
Txhua lub raj yuav tsum tau sau kom meej meej nrog rauLub npe ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom lossis hom, tus lej qhia tshwj xeeb, thiab ERW.
Lub npe lossis lub cim ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom yuav muab tso rau ntawm txhua lub raj xa dej los ntawm kev dov lossis nias lub teeb ua ntej ua kom zoo li qub.
Yog tias muaj ib lub cim luam tawm rau ntawm lub raj xa dej los ntawm tes, lub cim no yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg dua 8 nti [200 mm] ntawm ib kawg ntawm lub raj xa dej.
Kev tiv thaiv rau qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab kev ntxhov siab: Lub peev xwm los tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab kev nyuaj siab yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev hauv cov txheej txheem pauv cua sov.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cua sov: Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau no ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo heev rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev sib pauv cua sov zoo.
Kev vuam tau: Lwm qhov zoo dua yog tias lawv tuaj yeem txuas tau zoo los ntawm kev vuam, ua rau kev teeb tsa thiab kev txij nkawm yooj yim dua.
Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hloov cua sov, condenser, thiab cov khoom siv hloov cua sov zoo sib xws.
1. Cov khoom siv hloov cua sovHauv ntau yam txheej txheem kev lag luam, cov khoom siv hloov cua sov siv los hloov lub zog cua sov los ntawm ib qho kua (kua lossis roj) mus rau lwm qhov yam tsis pub lawv sib cuag ncaj qha. ASTM A214 cov kav hlau siv dav hauv hom khoom siv no vim tias lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias siab thiab kev ntxhov siab uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov txheej txheem.
2. Cov CondenserCov condensers feem ntau yog siv rau kev tshem tawm cua sov hauv cov txheej txheem txias, piv txwv li hauv cov tub yees thiab cov tshuab cua txias, lossis rau kev hloov cov pa rov qab mus rau dej hauv cov chaw fais fab. Lawv siv rau hauv cov kab ke no vim lawv cov thermal conductivity zoo thiab lub zog kho tshuab.
3. Cov khoom siv pauv cua sov: Hom raj hlau no kuj siv rau hauv lwm cov khoom siv pauv cua sov zoo ib yam li cov hloov cua sov thiab cov condenser, xws li cov evaporators thiab cov txias.
ASTM A179: yog ib qho seamless txias-kos hlau mos mos cua sov exchanger thiab condenser tubing. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog cov ntawv thov zoo sib xws, xws li cua sov exchangers thiab condensers. Txawm hais tias A179 yog seamless, nws muab cov khoom sib pauv cua sov zoo sib xws.
ASTM A178Siv rau cov kav dej boiler uas muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab cov pa roj carbon-manganese uas tiv taus cov hlau. Cov kav dej no siv rau hauv cov boilers thiab cov superheaters, thiab kuj siv tau rau hauv cov ntawv thov pauv cua sov uas muaj cov kev xav tau zoo sib xws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov twg xav tau cov khoom siv vuam.
ASTM A192: npog cov raj xa dej carbon steel seamless rau kev pabcuam siab. Txawm hais tias cov raj no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw siab thiab kub, lawv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev siv rau lwm yam khoom siv hloov pauv cua sov uas xav tau kev kub siab thiab kub tiv taus.
Peb yog cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov chaw muag khoom ntawm cov yeeb nkab carbon steel zoo los ntawm Tuam Tshoj, thiab peb kuj yog cov chaw muag khoom ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel seamless, muab ntau yam kev daws teeb meem rau koj!
Yog tias koj muaj lus nug lossis xav paub ntxiv txog peb cov khoom, thov tsis txhob yig tiv tauj peb. Koj cov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov yeeb nkab hlau tsuas yog xa xov xwb!
