AS 1579 cov yeeb nkab hlauyog lub yeeb nkab hlau uas vuam tau los ntawm lub pob tw thiab feem ntau yog siv rau kev thauj mus los ntawm dej thiab dej khib nyiab nrog lub cheeb sab nraud ntawm ≥ 114 hli thiab rau cov yeeb nkab uas muaj lub siab ntsuas tsis pub tshaj 6.8 MPa.
Cov yeeb nkab yog cov khoom siv puag ncig uas raug tsav mus rau hauv av thiab tsis yog siv rau kev tswj lub siab sab hauv.
Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus sab nraud txoj kab uas hla yog 114 hli, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev txwv tshwj xeeb rau qhov loj ntawm cov yeeb nkab tab sis qhov loj me uas nyiam tshaj plaws tau muab.
Yuav tsum tsim los ntawm cov qib uas tau tshuaj xyuas lossis cov qauv ntawm cov hlau kub dov uas ua raws li AS/NZS 1594 lossis AS/NZS 3678.
Nyob ntawm qhov siv kawg nws tseem raug cais raws li hauv qab no:
Cov kav dej kuaj hydrostaticallyyuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lossis qib qauv ntawm cov hlau kub dov ua raws li AS / NZS 1594 lossis AS / NZS 3678.
Cov kav dej thiab cov yeeb nkab uas tsis tau kuaj hydrostaticallyyuav tsum tau tsim los ntawm cov qauv hlau uas ua raws li AS/NZS 1594 lossis AS/NZS 3678.
Lwm txoj kev,pawgtej zaum yuav raug tsim los ntawm qib kev tshuaj xyuas ua raws li AS / NZS 1594., uas yog qhov xwm txheej no cov hlau yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas raws li AS 1391 los qhia tias nws ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua tensile uas tus neeg yuav khoom tau teev tseg.
AS 1579 cov yeeb nkab hlau yog tsim los ntawm kev sivarc vuam.
Tag nrho cov welds yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv tag nrho cov butt welds.
Arc vuam siv qhov kub ntawm hluav taws xob arc los yaj cov khoom siv hlau thiab tsim cov pob qij txha ntawm cov hlau los tsim cov qauv yeeb nkab hlau txuas ntxiv mus.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom siv arc welding feem ntau yog SAW (Submerged Arc Welding), tseem hu uaDSAW, uas tuaj yeem faib ua pawgLSAW(SAWL) thiab SSAW (HSAW) raws li qhov kev taw qhia ntawm lub pob tw vuam.
Ntxiv rau SAW, muaj lwm hom kev vuam arc xws li GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, thiab SMAW. Ntau hom kev vuam arc muaj lawv tus kheej cov yam ntxwv thiab cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv, thiab kev xaiv txoj kev vuam tsim nyog nyob ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau uas yuav tsim, cov peev nyiaj, thiab cov kev xav tau zoo.
Cov qauv lawv tus kheej tsis qhia meej txog cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab, vim qhov no feem ntau nyob ntawm cov qauv hlau tshwj xeeb xws li AS / NZS 1594 lossis AS / NZS 3678, uas qhia meej txog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov hlau siv los ua cov kav dej no.
AS 1579 tsuas yog qhia txog cov pa roj carbon sib npaug xwb.
Cov pa roj carbon sib npaug (CE) ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.40.
CE=Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15
CE yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas siv los ntsuas qhov weldability ntawm cov hlau. Nws pab kwv yees qhov hardening uas yuav tshwm sim hauv cov hlau tom qab vuam thiab yog li ntawd ntsuas nws qhov weldability.
Kev kuaj xyuas hydrostatic pressure yog qhov yuav tsum muaj rau txhua lub yeeb nkab dej lossis cov kav dej khib nyiab uas siv rau kev thauj mus los.
Cov yeeb nkab feem ntau tsis tas yuav tsum tau kuaj hydrostatically vim tias lawv feem ntau yog siv los nqa cov khoom siv thauj khoom es tsis yog kev ntxhov siab sab hauv.
Cov Ntsiab Cai ntawm Kev Sim
Cov yeeb nkab raug kaw rau ntawm txhua qhov kawg thiab raug nias hydrostatically.
Nws raug kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj zog ntawm lub zog uas sawv cev rau lub zog tsim ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Nws raug kuaj xyuas seb puas muaj qhov xau ntawm lub zog ntsuas ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Kev Nyuaj Siab ntawm Kev Sim
Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau yog 6.8 MPa. Qhov siab tshaj plaws no yog tswj los ntawm cov khoom siv ntsuas siab txwv ntawm 8.5 MPa.
Pr= 0.72 × (2 × SMYS × t) / OD lossis Pr= 0.72 × (2 × NMYS × t) / OD
Pr: Qhov siab ntsuas, hauv MPa;
SMYSLub zog tsawg kawg nkaus uas tau teev tseg, hauv MPa;
NMYSLub zog tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub zog, hauv MPa;
t: Phab ntsa tuab, hauv mm;
OD: Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla, hauv mm.
Thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, kev ntxhov siab ib ntus yuav ua rau cov yeeb nkab nce siab. Raws li cov xwm txheej no, qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tso cai rau kev ntxhov siab ua ke yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm tus tsim qauv, tab sis yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.90 x SMYS.
Pt= 1.25Pr
Tom qab kev sim lub zog, yuav tsum tsis muaj kev tawg lossis xau hauv cov yeeb nkab kuaj.
90% ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus yield zog (SMYS) lossis nominal minimum yield zog (NMYS) lossis 8.5 MPa, seb qhov twg tsawg dua.
Pl= Pr
Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov xau ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Thaum kuaj qhov xau, yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov xau uas pom tau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Txhua cov kav dej kuaj uas tsis yog hydrostatic yuav tsum muaj phab ntsa tuab tsis pub tsawg dua 8.0 hli.
Cov yeeb nkabyuav tsum muaj 100% ntawm nws cov welds uas tsis raug sim los ntawm kev siv ultrasonic lossis radiographic raws li AS 1554.1 Qeb SP thiab ua raws li cov qauv lees txais tshwj xeeb.
Kev sim tsis ua puas tsuaj ntawm cov hlau txuas ib nrabrau cov kav dejCov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev xeem yuav tsum ua raws li AS/NZS 1554.1 Class SP cov kev cai. Yog tias qhov kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau tias tsis ua raws li daim ntawv lo, tag nrho cov vuam ntawm cov yeeb nkab ntawd yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas.
Cov kav dej thiab cov khoom siv siv rau kev xa dej thiab dej phwj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob xeb los ntawm kev xaiv cov txheej txheem tsim nyog. Cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau siv raws li AS 1281 thiab AS 4321.
Yog hais txog dej haus, lawv yuav tsum ua raws li AS/NZS 4020. Lub hom phiaj yog xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom no, thaum kov cov dej, tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov dej, xws li kev ua qias tuaj ntawm tshuaj lom neeg, kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov kab mob me me, lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm saj thiab tsos ntawm cov dej.
Sab nraud ntawm lub raj, tsis pub tshaj 150 hli ntawm qhov kawg, yuav tsum tau cim kom meej thiab tas mus li nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:
a) Tus lej cim tshwj xeeb, piv txwv li tus lej raj;
b) Qhov chaw tsim khoom;
c) Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla thiab phab ntsa tuab;
d) Tus lej txheem, piv txwv li AS 1579;
e) Lub npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov cim lag luam;
f) Kev ntsuas qhov siab ntawm cov yeeb nkab kuaj hydrostatic (tsuas yog rau cov yeeb nkab hlau uas raug kuaj hydrostatic);
g) Kev cim ntsuas tsis ua puas tsuaj (NDT) (tsuas yog rau cov yeeb nkab hlau uas tau dhau los ntawm kev sim tsis ua puas tsuaj).
Tus neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum muab daim ntawv pov thawj kos npe rau tus Neeg Yuav Khoom uas qhia tias cov yeeb nkab tau tsim tawm raws li cov kev cai ntawm Tus Neeg Yuav Khoom thiab Tus Txheej Txheem no.
ASTM A252Tsim los rau cov yeeb nkab hlau thiab muaj cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab cov lus qhia txog cov tshuaj lom neeg rau peb chav kawm kev ua tau zoo.
EN 10219: hais txog cov kav hlau uas tau vuam txias rau cov qauv siv suav nrog cov kav dej.
ISO 3183: Cov yeeb nkab hlau rau kev lag luam roj thiab roj av, nrog rau qhov zoo thiab lub zog uas ua rau nws kuj tsim nyog rau kev nqa cov yeeb nkab.
API 5LFeem ntau siv rau cov kav dej thauj mus los hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj av, cov qauv zoo kuj ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev ua cov pawg uas raug kev thauj khoom ntau.
CSA Z245.1: Qhia meej cov kav hlau thiab cov khoom siv rau kev thauj mus los ntawm roj thiab roj av, uas kuj tsim nyog rau cov kav dej.
ASTM A690Tsim los rau cov yeeb nkab hlau siv rau hauv dej hiav txwv thiab cov chaw zoo sib xws, hais txog kev tiv thaiv xeb.
JIS A 5525Tus qauv Nyiv Pooj uas npog cov yeeb nkab hlau rau cov yeeb nkab pawg, suav nrog cov khoom siv, kev tsim khoom, qhov loj me thiab kev ua tau zoo.
GOST 10704-91: Cov yeeb nkab hlau ncaj nraim uas vuam siv hluav taws xob rau kev siv hauv kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse, suav nrog cov kav dej.
GOST 20295-85Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kav hlau uas vuam hluav taws xob rau kev thauj mus los ntawm roj thiab roj av, qhia txog lawv cov kev ua tau zoo hauv qab kev kub siab thiab hauv qhov chaw ib puag ncig hnyav, siv tau rau cov kav dej.
Txij li thaum nws tau tsim tsa xyoo 2014, Botop Steel tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm cov yeeb nkab carbon steel hauv Northern China, paub txog kev pabcuam zoo heev, cov khoom lag luam zoo, thiab cov kev daws teeb meem dav dav.
Lub tuam txhab muaj ntau yam yeeb nkab carbon steel thiab cov khoom lag luam cuam tshuam, suav nrog cov yeeb nkab seamless, ERW, LSAW, thiab SSAW steel, nrog rau cov yeeb nkab fittings thiab flanges tiav.
Nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb kuj suav nrog cov hlau alloys zoo thiab cov hlau stainless austenitic, tsim los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam dej num pipeline.
