API 5L Qib Bcov yeeb nkab hlau yog tsim tawm raws li cov kev cai ntawmAPI 5Lthiab siv dav hauv cov kav dej thauj mus los hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj av.
Qib Bkuj tseem yuav raug xa mus rauL245. Tus yam ntxwv yog tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau yog245 MPa.
API 5L kab yeeb nkab muaj nyob rau hauv ob qib khoom specification:PSL1feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev thauj mus los, thaumPSL2yog tsim rau cov xwm txheej hnyav dua nrog lub zog kho tshuab siab dua thiab cov qauv xeem nruj dua.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua tau seamless (SMLS), hluav taws xob tsis kam welded (ERW), los yog submerged arc welded (SAW) kom haum rau ntau yam kev teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Botop Hlauyog ib lub chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel LSAW uas muaj phab ntsa tuab thiab loj uas muaj ob sab uas nyob hauv dej nyob hauv Suav teb.
Qhov Chaw: Cangzhou City, Hebei Province, Suav Teb;
Tag Nrho Cov Nyiaj Txiag: 500 lab RMB;
Hoobkas cheeb tsam: 60,000 square meters;
Muaj peev xwm tsim khoom txhua xyoo: 200,000 tons ntawm JCOE LSAW cov kav hlau;
Cov Khoom Siv: Cov khoom siv tsim khoom thiab kuaj siab heev;
Kev Tshwj Xeeb: LSAW cov yeeb nkab hlau tsim tawm;
Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj: API 5L tau ntawv pov thawj.
API 5L Qib B Kev Faib Tawm
Nws muab faib ua ntau hom sib txawv raws li cov Khoom Siv Qhia Txog Khoom (PSL) sib txawv thiab cov xwm txheej xa khoom.
Qhov kev faib tawm no ua rau kev xaiv cov yeeb nkab kab zoo dua kom ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ib qho project tshwj xeeb thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm ib puag ncig ua haujlwm.
PSL1: B.
PSL2: BR;BN;BQ;BM.
Muaj ntau lub raj hlau PSL 2 tshwj xeeb siv rau cov chaw pabcuam tshwj xeeb.
Cov chaw pabcuam qaub ncaug: BNS; BQS; BMS.
Chaw pabcuam Offshore: BNO; BQO; BMO.
Cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub peev xwm ua kom ntev ntawm cov yas: BNP; BQP; BMP.
Cov Cai Xa Khoom
| PSL | Kev Xa Khoom | Qib Yeeb Nkab/Qib Hlau | |
| PSL1 | Raws li dov, normalizing dov, thermomechanical dov, thermomechanical tsim, normalizing tsim, normalized, normalized thiab tempered; los yog, yog tiaspom zoo, quenched thiab tempered rau SMLS yeeb nkab xwb | B | L245 |
| PSL 2 | Raws li dov | BR | L245R |
| Normalizing dov, normalizing tsim, normalized, lossis normalized thiab tempered | BN | L245N | |
| Txias thiab tempered | BQ | L245Q | |
| Thermomechanical dov los yog thermomechanical tsim | BM | L245M | |
Qhov xwm txheej xa khoom ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau feem ntau yog hais txog kev kho cua sov lossis lwm yam kev kho mob uas tau ua thaum kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau, thiab cov kev kho mob no muaj kev cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau.
API 5L GR.B Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom Hlau
Hauv API 5L tus qauv Qib B yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tsim tau siv ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom hauv cov lus hauv qab no.
| API 5L PSL1 Qib B | SMLS | LFW | HFW | SAWL | SAWH | COWL | COWH |
| API 5L PSL2 Qib B | SMLS | — | HFW | SAWL | SAWH | COWL | COWH |
Yog xav paub ntxiv txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus Manufacturing Process,nyem qhov no.
LSAWyog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau cov kav dej hlau loj, phab ntsa tuab.
Qhov tshwj xeeb hauv qhov tsos yog qhov muaj qhov vuam nyob rau hauv qhov kev coj ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Hom Yeeb Nkab Kawg
API 5L Qib B cov yeeb nkab hlau kawg hom yuav txawv hauv PSL1 thiab PSL2.
PSL 1 Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau Kawg
Qhov kawg uas muaj lub tswb; Qhov kawg tiaj tiaj;Qhov kawg tiaj tus rau kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb; Qhov kawg xov.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov (belled end): Txwv rau cov raj uas muaj D ≤ 219.1 mm (8.625 in) thiab t ≤ 3.6 mm (0.141 in) ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub qhov (socket).
Qhov kawg xov: Cov yeeb nkab kawg xov tsuas yog txwv rau SMLS thiab cov yeeb nkab welded ntev nrog D < 508 hli (20 hauv).
PSL 2 Cov Yeeb Nkab Hlau Kawg
Qhov kawg tiaj tiaj.
Rau cov kav dej tiaj tus, cov kev cai hauv qab no yuav tsum tau ua raws li:
Cov ntsej muag kawg ntawm t ≤ 3.2 hli (0.125 hauv) cov yeeb nkab kawg yuav tsum tau txiav plaub fab.
Cov raj xa dej tiaj tiaj uas muaj t > 3.2 hli (0.125 nti) yuav tsum tau muab txiav kom nkhaus rau kev vuam. Lub kaum sab xis yuav tsum yog 30-35° thiab qhov dav ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub kaum sab xis yuav tsum yog 0.8 - 2.4 hli (0.031 - 0.093 nti).
API 5L Qib B Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem
Cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw ntawm PSL1 thiab PSL2 cov yeeb nkab hlau t > 25.0 hli (0.984 hauv) yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm kev pom zoo.
Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem rau PSL 1 Yeeb Nkab nrog t ≤ 25.0 hli (0.984 nti.)
Cov Tshuaj Lom Zem rau PSL 2 Yeeb Nkab nrog t ≤ 25.0 hli (0.984 nti.)
Rau cov khoom siv yeeb nkab PSL2 uas tau soj ntsuam nrog ib qhoCov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm ≤0.12%, cov pa roj carbon sib npaug CEPCMtuaj yeem suav tau siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
CEPCM= C + Si/30 + Mn/20 + Cu/20 + Ni/60 + Cr/20 + Mo/15 + V/15 + 5B
Rau cov khoom siv yeeb nkab PSL2 uas tau soj ntsuam nrog ib qhoCov ntsiab lus carbon > 0.12%, cov pa roj carbon sib npaug CEllwtuaj yeem suav tau los ntawm kev siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
CEllw= C + Mn/6 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 + (Ni + Cu)/15
API 5L Qib B Khoom Siv Kho Tshuab
Cov Khoom Siv Tensile
PSL1 GR.B Cov Khoom Siv Tensile
PSL2 GR.B Cov Khoom Siv Tensile
Lus CimQhov tsawg kawg nkaus elongation teev tseg, Afyuav tsum tau txiav txim siab siv cov qauv hauv qab no:
Ibf= C × (Axc)0.2/U0.9)
Cyog 1940 rau kev suav siv cov chav SI thiab 625,000 rau kev suav siv cov chav USC;
Axc yog thaj tsam ntawm qhov kev sim tensile uas siv tau, qhia hauv square millimeters (square inches), raws li nram no:
1) rau cov khoom sim ncig uas muaj qhov ntev li ntawm 130 hli2(0.20 nti.2) rau cov khoom sim uas muaj txoj kab uas hla 12.7 hli (0.500 nti) thiab 8.9 hli (0.350 nti); 65 hli2(0.10 nti.2) rau cov khoom sim uas muaj txoj kab uas hla 6.4 hli (0.250 nti);
2) rau cov khoom xeem tag nrho, qhov tsawg dua ntawm a) 485 hli2(0.75 nti.2) thiab b) thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv xeem, T tau los ntawm kev siv txoj kab uas hla sab nraud thiab phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab, puag ncig mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws 10 hli2(0.01 nti.2);
3) rau cov khoom sim strip, qhov tsawg dua ntawm a) 485 hli2(0.75 nti.2) thiab b) thaj tsam ntawm daim ntawv xeem, tau los ntawm kev siv qhov dav ntawm daim ntawv xeem thiab qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov yeeb nkab, puag ncig mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws 10 hli2(0.01 nti.2);
Uyog lub zog tensile tsawg kawg nkaus uas tau teev tseg, qhia hauv megapascals (pounds ib square inch).
Kev Ntsuas Khoov
Tsis muaj ib feem ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tawg thiab qhov vuam yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg.
Kev Ntsuas Kom Sib Nqus
Tsis siv rau LSAW steel yeeb nkab.
Haum rauEW, LW, thiabCWkev tsim cov hom raj.
Kev Ntsuas Khoov Uas Tau Qhia
Qhia txog tej kab nrib pleb lossis tawg hauv cov hlau vuam uas ntev tshaj 3.2 hli (0.125 nti), txawm tob npaum li cas los xij.
Qhia txog tej kab nrib pleb lossis tawg hauv cov hlau niam txiv, HAZ, lossis kab sib txuas uas ntev dua 3.2 hli (0.125 nti) lossis tob dua 12.5% ntawm qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa uas tau teev tseg.
Kev Ntsuas Qhov Cuam Tshuam CVN rau PSL 2 Yeeb Nkab
CVN (Charpy V-Notch) Kev xeem cuam tshuam, ib txoj kev xeem txheem rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov tawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thaum raug cov khoom thauj nrawm.
Cov kev cai hauv qab no siv rau cov qib ≤ X60 lossis L415.
| Cov Kev Xav Tau Zog Uas CVN Nqus Tau Rau Lub Cev Yeeb Nkab ntawm PSL 2 Yeeb Nkab | |
| Qhov Taub Sab Nraud Uas Tau Qhia Tseg D hli (hauv.) | Lub zog nqus tau los ntawm CVN loj tag nrho feeb Kv J (ft.lbf) |
| ≤762 (30) | 27 (20) |
| >762 (30) txog 2134 (84) | 40 (30) |
Kev Ntsuas DWT rau PSL 2 Welded Pipe
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm thaj chaw txiav rau ib qho kev sim yuav tsum yog ≥ 85% ntawm 0 ° C (32 ° F) qhov kub sim.
Rau cov raj uas muaj phab ntsa tuab > 25.4 hli (1 nti), cov kev cai lees txais rau qhov kev xeem DWT yuav tsum tau sib tham.
Kev Ntsuas Hydrostatic
Lub Sijhawm Xeem
Txhua qhov loj ntawm cov kav hlau tsis muaj qhov thiab cov kav hlau txuas nrog D ≤ 457 hli (18 nti):lub sijhawm xeem ≥ 5s;
Cov yeeb nkab hlau vuam D > 457 mm (18 nti):lub sijhawm xeem ≥ 10s.
Zaus ntawm Kev Ntsuas
Txhua lub yeeb nkab hlau.
Kev sim siab
Lub zog kuaj hydrostatic P ntawm ayeeb nkab hlau tiaj tiajtuaj yeem suav los ntawm kev siv cov mis.
P = 2St/D
Syog qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub hoop. tus nqi yog sib npaug rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub zog ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau xa feem pua, hauv MPa (psi);
Rau API 5L Qib B, feem pua yog 60% rau qhov kev ntsuas siab txheem thiab 70% rau qhov kev ntsuas siab xaiv tau.
Rau D <88.9 hli (3.500 nti), nws tsis tsim nyog tias qhov siab sim siab tshaj 17.0 MPa (2470 psi);
Rau D > 88.9 hli (3.500 nti), nws tsis tsim nyog tias qhov siab sim siab tshaj 19.0 MPa (2760 psi).
tyog qhov tuab ntawm phab ntsa uas tau teev tseg, qhia hauv millimeters (nti);
Dyog qhov txoj kab uas hla sab nraud uas tau teev tseg, qhia hauv millimeters (nti).
Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Tsis Muaj Kev puas tsuaj
Rau cov kav dej SAW, ob txoj kev,UT(kev kuaj mob ultrasound) los yogRT(kev kuaj mob radiograph), feem ntau yog siv.
ET(kev sim electromagnetic) tsis siv tau rau SAW raj.
Cov kab txuas uas vuam rau ntawm cov kav dej vuam ntawm qib ≥ L210 / A thiab txoj kab uas hla ≥ 60.3 hli (2.375 hauv) yuav tsum raug tshuaj xyuas tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tag nrho cov tuab thiab ntev (100%) raws li tau teev tseg.
Kev kuaj mob UT uas tsis ua puas tsuaj
Kev kuaj mob RT uas tsis ua puas tsuaj
Qhia kom meej sab nraud txoj kab uas hla thiab phab ntsa tuab
Cov nqi txheem rau cov kab uas hla sab nraud thiab cov phab ntsa tuab ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau tau muab rau hauvISO 4200thiabASME B36.10M.
Kev kam rau siab ntawm qhov ntev
Kev kam rau siab rau Txoj kab uas hla thiab Qhov tawm ntawm qhov puag ncig
Lub txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau yog txhais tias yog qhov ncig ntawm cov yeeb nkab hauv txhua lub dav hlau circumferential faib los ntawm π.
Kev kam rau siab rau phab ntsa tuab
Kev kam rau siab ntev
Kwv yees li ntawm qhov ntevyuav tsum xa tuaj rau hauv qhov kam rau siab ntawm ± 500 hli (20 nti).
Kev kam rau siab rauntev tsis xaiv
| Kev Xaiv Qhov Ntev Random m (ft) | Qhov Ntev Tsawg Kawg Nkaus m (ft) | Qhov Ntev Nruab Nrab Yam Tsawg Kawg Nkaus Rau Txhua Yam Khoom Xaj m (ft) | Qhov Ntev Tshaj Plaws m (ft) |
| Cov Yeeb Nkab Uas Muaj Xov Thiab Txuas | |||
| 6 (20) | 4.88 (16.0) | 5.33 (17.5) | 6.86 (22.5) |
| 9 (30) | 4.11 (13.5) | 8.00 (26.2) | 10.29 (33.8) |
| 12 (40) | 6.71 (22.0) | 10.67 (35.0) | 13.72 (45.0) |
| Cov Yeeb Nkab Uas Tsis Muaj Qhov Kawg | |||
| 6 (20) | 2.74 (9.0) | 5.33 (17.5) | 6.86 (22.5) |
| 9 (30) | 4.11 (13.5) | 8.00 (26.2) | 10.29 (33.8) |
| 12 (40) | 4.27 (14.0) | 10.67 (35.0) | 13.72 (45.0) |
| 15 (50) | 5.33 (17.5) | 13.35 (43.8) | 16.76 (55.0) |
| 18 (60) | 6.40 (21.0) | 16.00 (52.5) | 19.81 (65.0) |
| 24 (80) | 8.53 (28.0) | 21.34 (70.0) | 25.91 (85.0) |
Kev kam rau siab rau qhov ncaj
Kev ncaj ncees sib txawv ntawmtag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub raj: ≤ 0.200 L;
Kev ncaj ncees sib txawv ntawm1.5 m (5.0 ft) qhov kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau≤ 3.2 hli (0.125 nti).
Kev kam rau siab rau qhov ncaj
Qhov kawg squareness yog txhais tias yog ib lub square rau qhov kawg ntawm lub yeeb nkab.
Qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm cov kav dej yuav tsum yog < 1.6 hli (0.063 nti). Qhov tsis sib npaug ntawm cov kav dej yog ntsuas raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab ceg kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab.
Kev kam rau siab rau qhov Weld Seam
Qhov Siab Tshaj Plaws Uas Tso Cai Rau Radial Offsetrau SAW thiab COW Pipe.
| Kev Ntsuas Phab Ntsa t hli (hauv.) | Qhov Siab Tshaj Plaws Uas Tso Cai Rau Radial Offsetahli (hauv.) |
| ≤ 15.0 (0.590) | 1.5 (0.060) |
| > 15.0 (0.590) txog 25.0 (0.984) | 0.1t |
| > 25.0 (0.984) | 2.5 (0.098) |
| aCov kev txwv no kuj siv rau cov hlua khi / phaj kawg | |
Qhov Siab Tshaj Plaws Uas Tso Cai Rau Weld Beadrau SAW thiab COW Yeeb Nkab (Tshwj tsis yog ntawm Cov Yeeb Nkab Kawg).
| Kev Ntsuas Phab Ntsa hli (hauv.) | Qhov Siab Weld Bead hli (hauv.) lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb | |
| Sab Hauv Lub Hlwb | Sab Nraud Hlaws | |
| ≤13.0 (0.512) | 3.5 (0.138) | 3.5 (0.138) |
| >13.0 (0.512) | 3.5 (0.138) | 4.5 (0.177) |
Qhov vuam yuav tsum muaj kev hloov pauv du mus rau qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb nkab hlau uas nyob ib sab.
Cov yeeb nkab kawg vuam yuav tsum tau sib tsoo kom ntev li 100 hli (4.0 nti) nrog qhov siab vuam seem ntawm ≤ 0.5 hli (0.020 nti).
Kev kam rau siab rau pawg neeg
Txhua lub yeeb nkab hlau：
a) rau cov yeeb nkab loj tshwj xeeb: -5.0% - +10.0%;
b) rau cov yeeb nkab hauv Qib L175, L175P, A25, thiab A25P: -5.0% - +10.0%;
c) rau tag nrho lwm cov kav dej: -3.5% - +10.0%.
Cov yeeb nkab ib qho(≥ 18 tons (20 tons) rau qhov kev txiav txim ntau):
a) rau qib L175, L175P, A25, thiab A25P: -3.5 %;
b) rau txhua qib lwm yam: -1.75%.
API 5L GR.B Daim Ntawv Thov
API 5L Qib B cov yeeb nkab hlau yog ib hom yeeb nkab kab, feem ntau yog siv los thauj cov kua xws li roj, roj av, thiab dej, thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siv feem ntau hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj av.
Cov txheej txheem kis roj thiab roj avAPI 5L Qib B cov yeeb nkab hlau feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw rho tawm thiab ua cov roj thiab cov chaw ua roj los thauj cov roj nyoos thiab cov roj ntuj mus rau cov kab ke sau lossis cov chaw ua cov khoom.
Cov kav dej: Tej kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntxiv rau saum npoo av, xws li kev pleev xim lossis kev npog, yuav raug siv los txhim kho lawv txoj kev tiv thaiv xeb rau kev siv hauv kev xa dej, suav nrog kev xa dej thiab kev siv dej.
Cov chaw ua roj avHauv cov chaw ua roj av, API 5L Qib B cov yeeb nkab hlau yog siv los thauj ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov khoom nruab nrab uas tau los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov roj av nyoos.
Kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim kho vaj tseHauv kev lag luam kev tsim kho, rau kev tsim cov choj, cov qauv txhawb nqa, lossis lwm yam haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov twg xav tau kev thauj mus los ntev ntawm cov kua dej.
API 5L Qib B Sib Npaug
ASTM A106 Qib BCov yeeb nkab carbon steel seamless feem ntau siv rau kev pabcuam kub siab, nrog rau cov tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ib yam li API 5L Qib B. ASTM A106 Qib B feem ntau yog siv rau kev thauj cov pa dej kub siab, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov khoom siv roj av.
ASTM A53 Qib BQhov no yog lwm hom yeeb nkab carbon steel, uas tuaj yeem vuam lossis seamless, thiab siv dav hauv kev siv tshuab, kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam kev siv engineering. Txawm hais tias nws feem ntau yog siv rau kev siv siab qis thiab kub, qee qhov ntawm nws cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ib yam li API 5L Qib B.
EN 10208-2 L245NBSiv rau kev tsim cov kav dej rau kev thauj cov pa roj uas yooj yim hlawv thiab lwm yam kua. L245NB (1.0457) yog cov kav dej hlau nruab nrab uas muaj zog nrog cov khoom siv kho tshuab zoo ib yam li API 5L Qib B.
ISO 3183 L245Siv rau hauv cov kav dej thauj mus los hauv kev lag luam roj thiab roj av. L245 hauv ISO 3183 yog ze heev rau API 5L Qib B thiab feem ntau siv tau sib pauv.
Cov Kev Pabcuam Ntxiv Peb Muab Tau
Botop Hlautsis yog tsuas yog muab cov yeeb nkab hlau API 5L Qib B zoo xwb, tab sis kuj muab ntau yam kev pabcuam txhawb nqa rau koj, suav nrog ntau yam kev xaiv tiv thaiv xeb, kev daws teeb meem ntim khoom tus kheej, thiab kev txhawb nqa kev xa khoom kom ntseeg tau tias peb tuaj yeem ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau sib txawv.
Peb cog lus tias yuav tsim kom muaj ib lub platform uas koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau txhua yam khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam uas koj xav tau. Nrog peb cov kev pabcuam tshaj lij thiab txhim khu kev qha, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav txhua kauj ruam ntawm koj txoj haujlwm tau zoo thiab tsis muaj teeb meem, kom ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo thiab kev vam meej. Peb lub hom phiaj yog ua koj tus khub uas koj ntseeg siab tshaj plaws.
Txheej Txheem Tiv Thaiv Kev Xeb
Botop Hlaumuaj ntau yam kev xaiv tiv thaiv corrosion, suav nrogpleev xim, galvanized,3LPE (HDPE), 3LPP,FBE, thiab cov cementitious counterweights, kom tau raws li ntau yam kev siv ntawm koj qhov project.
ntim khoom
Peb muaj ntau yam kev xaiv ntim khoom, suav nrog cov bales, tarps, crates, thiab cov yeeb nkab caps, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho kom tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb.
Kev Txhawb Nqa Kev Txawj Ntse
Peb lub tuam txhab cog lus tias yuav muab kev pabcuam txhawb nqa kev txawj ntse uas npog txhua theem ntawm ib qhov project. Txij li kev npaj ua ntej qhov project mus txog rau kev yuav khoom nruab nrab thiab kev npaj thauj mus los, mus txog kev saib xyuas thiab daws teeb meem tom qab qhov project, peb pab neeg tshaj lij tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia thiab kev txhawb nqa rau koj.
Peb lub hom phiaj yog los pab koj yuav cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab pheej yig hauv Suav teb, kom ntseeg tau tias koj qhov project khiav tau zoo thiab tsim nyog tus nqi. Peb tos ntsoov yuav ua haujlwm nrog koj los tsim kom muaj kev yeej-yeej yav tom ntej.
