He mea kila ka Q345. He kila haʻahaʻa-alloy (C<0.2%), hoʻohana nui ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana, nā alahaka, nā kaʻa, nā moku, nā moku kaomi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike ʻo Q i ka ikaika hua o kēia mea, a ʻo ka 345 e hiki mai ana e pili ana i ka waiwai hua o kēia mea, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 345 MPa. A e emi ana ka waiwai hua me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka mea.
Loaʻa iā Q345 nā waiwai mechanical piha maikaʻi, ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ʻae ʻia, ka plasticity maikaʻi a me ka weldability, a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā hale, nā ʻāpana mechanical, nā hale kūkulu hale, nā ʻāpana metala maʻamau, i ʻōwili wela ʻia a i ʻole ka maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hale like ʻole ma nā wahi anuanu ma lalo o -40°C.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana
Hiki ke puʻunaue ʻia ʻo Q345 i Q345A,Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E e like me ke ʻano. ʻO ka mea a lākou e hōʻike nei, ʻo ia ka mahana o ka haʻalulu.
Pae Q345A, ʻaʻohe hopena;
Pae Q345B, hopena mahana maʻamau 20 degere;
ʻO ka pae Q345C, he hopena 0 kekelē;
ʻO ka pae Q345D, he hopena -20 kekelē;
ʻO ka pae Q345E, he -40 kekelē ka hopena.
Ma nā mahana haʻalulu like ʻole, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi nā waiwai haʻalulu.
ka hoʻohuihui kemika
Q345A：C≤0.20,Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.045，S≤0.045，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345B：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.040，S≤0.040，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345C：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.035，S≤0.035，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345D：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.030，S≤0.030，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345E：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.025，S≤0.025，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
vs. 16Mn
ʻO ke kila Q345 kahi pani no nā lama kahiko o 12MnV, 14MnNb, 18Nb, 16MnRE, 16Mn a me nā ʻano kila ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale he pani no ke kila 16Mn. Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui kemika, ʻokoʻa pū ka 16Mn a me Q345. ʻOi aku ka mea nui, aia kahi ʻokoʻa nui i ka nui o ka hui mānoanoa o nā kila ʻelua e like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka ikaika hua, a e hoʻololi kēia i ke koʻikoʻi i ʻae ʻia o nā mea me kekahi mau mānoanoa. No laila, ʻaʻole kūpono ke hoʻopili wale i ke koʻikoʻi i ʻae ʻia o ke kila 16Mn i ke kila Q345, akā pono e hoʻoholo hou ʻia ke koʻikoʻi i ʻae ʻia e like me ka nui o ka hui mānoanoa kila hou.
ʻO ka hapa o nā mea nui o ke kila Q345 ua like ia me ke kila 16Mn, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa, ua hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohuihui liʻiliʻi o V, Ti a me Nb. Hiki i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohuihui V, Ti, a me Nb ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā ʻano palaoa, hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka paʻakikī o ke kila, a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i nā waiwai mechanical piha o ke kila. Ma muli o kēia, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka mānoanoa o ka papa kila. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai mechanical piha o ke kila Q345 ma mua o ke kila 16Mn, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa kāna hana wela haʻahaʻa i ke kila 16Mn. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha i ʻae ʻia o ke kila Q345 ma mua o ke kila 16Mn.
hoʻohālikelike hana
Q345Dpaipu wili ʻolenā waiwai mīkini:
Ikaika tensile: 490-675 Ikaika huahua: ≥345 Elongation: ≥22
Q345Bpaipu wili ʻolenā waiwai mīkini:
Ikaika tensile: 490-675 Ikaika huahua: ≥345 Elongation: ≥21
Nā waiwai mechanical o ka paipu humuhumu Q345A:
Ikaika tensile: 490-675 Ikaika huahua: ≥345 Elongation: ≥21
Nā waiwai mechanical o ka paipu humuhumu Q345C:
Ikaika tensile: 490-675 Ikaika huahua: ≥345 Elongation: ≥22
Nā waiwai mechanical o ka paipu humuhumu Q345E:
Ikaika tensile: 490-675 Ikaika huahua: ≥345 Elongation: ≥22
Moʻo Huahana
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kila Q345D me ke kila Q345A, B, C. Haʻahaʻa ka mahana hoʻāʻo o ka ikehu hopena haʻahaʻa. Hana maikaʻi. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o nā mea ʻino P a me S ma mua o Q345A, B a me C. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai mākeke ma mua o Q345A, B, C.
Ka wehewehena o Q345D:
① Hana ʻia me ka helu Q + hōʻailona papa maikaʻi + hōʻailona ʻano deoxidation. Ua hele mua ʻia kona helu kila e "Q", ʻo ia hoʻi ke kiko hua o ke kila, a ʻo ka helu ma hope ona e hōʻike ana i ka waiwai o ke kiko hua ma MPa. No ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻo Q235 i ke kila hoʻonohonoho kalapona me kahi kiko hua (σs) o 235 MPa.
②Inā pono, hiki ke hōʻailona ʻia ka hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i ka pae maikaʻi a me ke ʻano deoxidation ma hope o ka helu kila. ʻO nā hōʻailona pae maikaʻi ʻo A, B, C, D. Hōʻailona ʻano deoxidation: ʻO F ke ʻano o ke kila e paila ana; ʻo b ke ʻano o ke kila hapa-pepehi ʻia; ʻo Z ke ʻano o ke kila i pepehi ʻia; ʻo TZ ke ʻano o ke kila i pepehi ʻia kūikawā, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻailona ʻia ke kila i pepehi ʻia me nā hōʻailona, ʻo ia hoʻi, hiki ke kāpae ʻia ʻo Z a me TZ. No ka laʻana, ʻo Q235-AF ke ʻano o ke kila e paila ana o ka Papa A.
③ ʻO ke kila kalapona no nā kumu kūikawā, e like me ke kila alahaka, ke kila kai, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nui i ke ʻano hōʻike o ke kila kūkulu kalapona, akā ua hoʻohui ʻia ka leka e hōʻike ana i ke kumu ma ka hopena o ka helu kila.
Hoʻolauna mea
| mea | C≤ | Mn | Si≤ | P≤ | S≤ | ʻAl≥ | V | Nb | Ti |
| ʻike | 0.2 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.55 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 0.02-0.15 | 0.015-0.06 | 0.02-0.2 |
ʻO nā waiwai mechanical o Q345C penei (%):
| ʻIkepili waiwai mīkini | Hoʻolōʻihi (%) | Mahana hoʻāʻo 0℃ | Ikaika tensile MPa | Wahi hua MPa≥ |
| waiwai | δ5≥22 | J≥34 | σb（470-650） | σs（324-259） |
Ke ma waena o 16-35mm ka mānoanoa o ka paia, σs≥325Mpa; ke ma waena o 35-50mm ka mānoanoa o ka paia, σs≥295Mpa
2. Nā ʻano hana kuʻihao o ke kila Q345
2.1 Ka helu ʻana o ke kalapona like (Ceq)
Ceq=C+Mn/6+Ni/15+Cu/15+Cr/5+Mo/5+V/5
E helu iā Ceq=0.49%, ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.45%, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hana kuʻihao o ke kila Q345, a pono e hoʻokumu ʻia nā hana ʻenehana koʻikoʻi i ka wā kuʻihao.
2.2 Nā pilikia e kū pinepine ana i ke kila Q345 i ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana
2.2.1 ʻAno paʻakikī ma ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela
I ka wā o ke kaʻina hana kuʻihao a me ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻalili o ke kila Q345, ua maʻalahi ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka martensite i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o ka ʻāpana i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka paʻakikī a hoʻemi i ka plasticity o ka wahi kokoke i ka humuhumu. ʻO ka hopena he mau māwae ma hope o ka kuʻihao ʻana.
2.2.2 ʻIke i ka haki anu
ʻO nā māwae wili o ke kila Q345 he mau māwae anu nui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-20-2023