ʻO nā mea hoʻāʻo maikaʻi nui a me nā ʻano hana onā paipu humuhumu ʻole:
1. E nānā i ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka paipu kila
(1) Nānā ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia paipu kila: micrometer, ultrasonic mānoanoa, ʻaʻole emi ma mua o 8 mau kiko ma nā wēlau ʻelua a hoʻopaʻa.
(2) Ke anawaena waho o ka paipu kila a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ovality: nā anakahi calliper, nā calipers vernier, a me nā anakahi apo e ana i nā kiko nui a me nā kiko liʻiliʻi.
(3) Nānā ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka paipu kila: lipine kila, manual, ana lōʻihi aunoa.
(4) Nānā ʻana i ke kekelē kūlou o ka paipu kila: ka lula, ka lula pae (1m), ka anakahi manaʻo, a me ke laina lahilahi e ana i ke kekelē kūlou no kēlā me kēia mika a me ke kekelē kūlou lōʻihi piha.
(5) Nānā ʻana i ke kihi bevel a me ka lihi blunt o ka ʻaoʻao hope o ka paipu kila: ka lula huinaha, ka papa hoʻopaʻa.
2. Nānā ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili onā paipu humuhumu ʻole
(1) Nānā maka lima: ma lalo o nā kūlana kukui maikaʻi, e like me nā kūlana, e hōʻailona ana i ka ʻike kuhikuhi, e hoʻohuli pono i ka paipu kila e nānā. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻili o loko a me waho o nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole e loaʻa nā māwae, nā pelu, nā ʻōpala, ka ʻōwili a me ka delamination.
(2) Hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻole luku nānā ʻana:
a. ʻIke ʻana i nā kīnā Ultrasonic UT: He mea maʻalahi ia i nā kīnā māwae o ka ʻili a me loko o nā mea like ʻole me nā mea like.
b. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke au Eddy ET (electromagnetic induction) he mea maʻalahi loa ia i nā hemahema kiko (ʻano lua).
c. Ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka ʻĀpana Magnetic MT a me ka Flux Leakage: He kūpono ka hoʻāʻo magnetic no ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema o ka ʻili a me ka ʻili kokoke o nā mea ferromagnetic.
d. ʻIke ʻana i nā kīnā ultrasonic electromagnetic: ʻAʻole pono kahi mea hoʻopili, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻike ʻana i nā hemahema o ka ʻili paipu kila wela kiʻekiʻe, wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe.
e. Ka ʻike ʻana i nā kīnā penetrant: fluorescence, kala, ʻike ʻana i nā kīnā o ka ʻili paipu kila.
3. Ka loiloi ʻana o ka hoʻohuihui kemika:loiloi kemika, loiloi mea hana (mea hana CS infrared, spectrometer heluhelu pololei, mea hana NO, a pēlā aku).
(1) Mea hana CS infrared: E kālailai i nā ferroalloys, nā mea hana kila, a me nā mea C a me S i loko o ke kila.
(2) Ka mīkini heluhelu pololei: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cn, Al, W, V, Ti, B, Nb, As, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi i nā laʻana nui.
(3) Mea hana N-0: ka loiloi ʻike kinoea N, O.
4. Nānā hana hoʻokele kila
(1) Hoʻāʻo tensile: ana i ke kaumaha a me ka deformation, hoʻoholo i ka ikaika (YS, TS) a me ka plasticity index (A, Z) o ka mea. ʻO ka ʻāpana paipu laʻana longitudinal a me transverse, ke ʻano arc, ka laʻana poepoe (￠10, ￠12.5) ke anawaena liʻiliʻi, ka paia lahilahi, ke anawaena nui, ka mamao calibration paia mānoanoa. Nānā: ʻO ka elongation o ka laʻana ma hope o ka haki ʻana e pili ana i ka nui o ka laʻana GB/T 1760
(2) Hoʻāʻo hopena: CVN, ʻano notch C, ʻano V, waiwai hana J J/cm2 laʻana maʻamau 10×10×55 (mm) laʻana maʻamau ʻole 5×10×55 (mm).
(3) Hoʻāʻo paʻakikī: paʻakikī Brinell HB, paʻakikī Rockwell HRC, paʻakikī Vickers HV, a pēlā aku.
(4) Hoʻāʻo hydraulic: kaomi hoʻāʻo, manawa hoʻopaʻa kaomi, p=2Sδ/D.
5. Paipu kila humuhumu ʻoleka nānā ʻana i ka hana o ke kaʻina hana
(1) Hoʻāʻo palahalaha: hāpana poepoe hāpana ʻano C (S/D>0.15) H=(1+2)S/(∝+S/D) L=40～100mm, koina hoʻololi ʻano no kēlā me kēia lōʻihi=0.07～0.08
(2) Hoʻāʻo huki apo: L=15mm, ʻaʻohe māwae i kūpono
(3) Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka lapalapa a me ka wili ʻana: ʻo ke kikowaena taper he 30°, 40°, 60°
(4) Hoʻāʻo kūlou: Hiki iā ia ke pani i ka hoʻāʻo pālahalaha (no nā paipu anawaena nui)
6. Ka nānā ʻana i ka metallographic opaipu wili ʻole
Hoʻāʻo hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe (loiloi microscopic), hoʻāʻo hoʻonui haʻahaʻa (loiloi macroscopic) hoʻāʻo laina lauoho ʻano hale kiaʻi e kālailai i ka nui o ka palaoa o nā hoʻokomo ʻole metala, hōʻike i nā ʻiʻo haʻahaʻa a me nā kīnā (e like me ka looseness, segregation, subcutaneous bubbles, etc.), a nānā i ka helu, ka lōʻihi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā laina lauoho.
ʻAno hoʻonui haʻahaʻa (macro): ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā kiko keʻokeʻo i ʻike maka ʻia, nā hoʻokomo ʻana, nā pehu subcutaneous, ka huli ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka delamination ma nā ʻāpana hoʻāʻo hoʻoheheʻe waikawa cross-sectional o nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole.
Hoʻonohonoho mana kiʻekiʻe (microscopic): E nānā me kahi microscope electron mana kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻāʻo laina lauoho hale kiaʻi: e hoʻāʻo i ka helu, ka lōʻihi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā laina lauoho.
Pono e hele pū ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole e komo ana i ka hale hana me kahi palapala hōʻoia no ka maikaʻi e hōʻoia ana i ka pono o nā mea o loko o ka pūʻulu o nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-18-2023