He kūlana maʻamau ko nā metala kuʻuna i ka hana ʻana i nā metala, inā paha he kila kila i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea lapaʻau a i ʻole nā meaʻai kai, kekahi o nā hanauna o nā kila hana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala iho nei no ka ʻoihana kaʻa, a i ʻole nā metala e like me ka alumini a me ka titanium. nona ka lakio ikaika i ke kaumaha a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka palaho e kūpono loa ia no nā noi ma ka aerospace, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila a me nā ʻoihana kemika.
Pēlā nō hoʻi i kekahi mau mea hoʻohui kila kalapona, ʻoiai nā mea hoʻohui me kekahi mau mea kalapona a me ka manganese. Ma muli o ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui, kūpono kekahi o lākou no ka hana ʻana onā ʻaoʻao, nā mea hoʻokomoa menā paipui loko o nā hale hana kemika a me ka ʻaila. Hoʻokahi mea like ko lākou āpau: pono e lawa ka ductile o nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia mau noi e kū i ka haki brittle a me ka stress corrosion cracking (SCC).
Hāʻawi nā hui kūlana e like me ka American Society of Manufacturing Engineers (ASME) a me ASTM Intl. (i ʻike mua ʻia ʻo American Society for Testing and Materials) i ke alakaʻi ma kēia ʻano. ʻElua mau code ʻoihana pili-Paipu ASMEa me ka Ipu Paʻi (BPVD) Māhele VIII, Māhele 1, a me ASME B31.3, Paipu Hana - e hoʻoponopono i ke kila kalapona (nā mea āpau e loaʻa ana he 0.29% a i 0.54% kalapona a me 0.60% a i 1.65% manganese, nā mea i loaʻa ka hao). lawa ka maʻalahi no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniau wela, nā wahi mahana a me nā mahana e like me -20 degere Fahrenheit. Eia nō naʻe, ua alakaʻi nā setbacks hou i ka mahana ambient i kahi nānā pono ʻana i nā nui a me nā ʻāpana o nā mea microalloying like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ia mau flanges, fittings a me nā paipu kila api.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole koi ʻo ASME a me ASTM i ka hoʻāʻo hopena e hōʻoia i ka ductility o nā huahana kila kalapona he nui i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mahana haʻahaʻa e like me -20 degere Fahrenheit. ʻO ka hoʻoholo e kāpae i kekahi mau huahana e pili ana i nā waiwai mōʻaukala o ka mea. No ka laʻana, i ka wā ʻo ka mahana hoʻolālā metala haʻahaʻa loa (MDMT) he -20 degere Fahrenheit, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ia mai ka hoʻāʻo hopena ma muli o kāna kuleana kuʻuna i ia mau noi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-19-2023