ASTM A106he paipu kila kahi ʻano humuhumu ʻolepaipu kila kalaponakūpono no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā wahi mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma nā ʻano he nui e like me ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea, nā mea kanu mana a me nā mea kanu kemika.
I ke ʻano wae,Papa B o ASTM A106He mea kaulana loa ka paipu no nā noi he nui ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻokō i nā koi hana mechanical o ka hapa nui o nā mīkini kūkulu a me kona kumukūʻai kūpono.
ASME SA106 = ASTM A106.
Ua like ʻo ASME SA106 a me ASTM A106 ma ke ʻano o nā mea hana a me nā waiwai, a he like nā koi maʻamau, akā no nā hui hoʻopuka kūlana like ʻole a hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻokō i nā ʻōnaehana hōʻoia like ʻole.
Anawaena inoa: DN 6 - DN 1200 [NPS 1/8 - NPS 48];
Anawaena o waho: 10.3 - 1219 mm [0.405 - 48 ʻīniha];
Nā mānoanoa o ka paiae like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia maASME B 36.10.
ʻO nā papa mānoanoa o ka pā maʻamauPapa Kuhikuhi 40a mePapa Kuhikuhi 80.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā nui paipu ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke kūlana maʻamau, inā kūpono ia i nā koi ʻē aʻe a pau o kēia code.
ʻO kaASTM A106ʻekolu mau māka like ʻole o ke kūlana maʻamau,Papa A, Papa B, a me Papa C.
Hoʻonui ka ikaika o ka huahua a me ka ikaika tensile me ka māka, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono ai i nā ʻano hoʻohana like ʻole.
E pepehi ʻia ke kila, he kila ia.
E hana ʻia ka paipu kila ASTM A106 me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahikaʻina hana hana maʻalahi.
Ma muli o ka nui o ka paipu a me ka hoʻohana kikoʻī, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia lākou i loko ohoʻopau welaa mei huki anu ʻianā ʻano.
DN ≤ 40 [NPS ≤ 1 1/2], hiki ke hana i ka huki wela a i ʻole ke huki anu, ʻo ka hapa nui he huki anu.
Pono e hoʻopau wela ʻia ka DN ≥ 50 [NPS ≥ 2]. Loaʻa pū nā paipu kila humuhumu anu ma ke noi.
Aia ma lalo iho kahi kiʻikuhi hoʻolālā o ke kaʻina hana o ka paipu kila humuhumu i hoʻopau ʻia me ka wela.
Hiki ke nānā ʻia nā kiʻikuhi kahe hana i kaha anu ʻia ma ke kaomi ʻana ma lunaʻO nā paipu kila kalapona ASTM A556 i huki anuanu ʻia.
ʻO nā paipu kila humuhumu wela a huki anu ʻia he mau waiwai mechanical, maikaʻi o ka ʻili, a me ka pololei o ka dimensional me ka ʻokoʻa o ka dimensional.
Hana ʻia nā paipu i hoʻopau ʻia i ka wela i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī akā ʻoi aku ka ʻino o nā ʻili a me ka pololei o ke ana; ʻoiai ʻo nā paipu i huki anu ʻia e hana ʻia e ka deformation plastic i ka mahana o ka lumi a ʻoi aku ka ikaika, nā ʻili laumania, a me ka kaohi dimensional ʻoi aku ka pololei, e kūpono ai lākou no nā noi e pono ai ka pololei a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe.
Ua huki anu ʻiapono e mālama ʻia nā ʻōmole i ka wela ma1200°F [650°C]a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka huki anu hope loa.
Hoʻopau welaʻAʻole pono nā paipu kila i ka mālama wela hou aku.
Inā pono ka mālama wela no ka paipu kila i hoʻopau ʻia, pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana mālama wela1500°F [650°C].
Hoʻomaikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka wela i ka microstructure o ka paipu, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai mechanical, hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mīkini, hōʻoia i ke kūpaʻa dimensional, a hoʻokō i nā koi o nā kūlana kikoʻī, no laila e hoʻonui nui ana i ka hana holoʻokoʻa a me ke kūpono o ka paipu.
a No kēlā me kēia hōʻemi ʻana o 0.01% ma lalo o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona i kuhikuhi ʻia, e ʻae ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o 0.06% manganese ma luna o ka palena kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia a hiki i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o 1.35%.
b Inā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka mea kūʻai, no kēlā me kēia hōʻemi ʻana o 0.01% ma lalo o ka palena kiʻekiʻe o ke kalapona i kuhikuhi ʻia, e ʻae ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o 0.06% manganese ma luna o ka palena kiʻekiʻe i kuhikuhi ʻia a hiki i ka palena kiʻekiʻe o 1.65%.
cʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ʻo Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, a me V ma mua o 1% o ka huina o kēia mau mea ʻelima.
Nā Papa A, B a me Cʻokoʻa lākou i ko lākou hoʻohuihui kemika, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka nui o ke kalapona a me ka manganese.
Hoʻopilikia kēia mau ʻokoʻa i nā waiwai mechanical a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana o nā paipu. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ke kalapona, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka paipu, akā hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka nui o ka manganese e kōkua i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila.
Waiwai Tensile
A: ʻO ka elongation liʻiliʻi loa ma 2 ʻīniha [50 mm] e hoʻoholo ʻia e ka hoʻohālikelike aʻe:
nā anakahi ʻīniha-paona:e = 625,000A0.2/UO.9
Nā ʻāpana Sl:e = 1940A0.2/U0.9
e: ka palena iki o ka elongation ma 2 ʻīniha [50 mm], %, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 0.5% kokoke loa,
A: ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o ka hāpana hoʻāʻo hoʻopaʻa, ʻīniha.2[mm]2], ma muli o ke anawaena waho i kuhikuhi ʻia a i ʻole ka laulā laʻana inoa a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia, i hoʻopuni ʻia i ka 0.01 kokoke loa2[1 mm]2].
(Inā like a ʻoi aku paha ka nui o ka ʻāpana i helu ʻia ma mua o 0.75 ʻīniha2[500 mm]2], a laila ʻo ka waiwai 0.75 i loko2[500 mm]2] e hoʻohana ʻia.),
U: ka ikaika tensile i kuhikuhi ʻia, psi [MPa].
Hoʻāʻo Kūlou
No nā paipu DN 50 [NPS 2] a liʻiliʻi aʻe, pono ka lōʻihi o ka paipu e ʻae ai i ke kulou anu ʻana o ka paipu ma o 90° me ka ʻole o ka māwae a puni kahi mandrel cylindrical me ke anawaena he 12 manawa o ke anawaena o waho o ka paipu.
No OD > 25in. [635mm], inā OD/T ≤ 7, pono kahi hoʻāʻo kūlou e kūlou i 180° me ka ʻole o ka māwae ʻana ma ka mahana o ka lumi. ʻO ke anawaena o loko o ka ʻāpana i kūlou ʻia he 1in.
Hoʻāʻo Hoʻopālahalaha
ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka paipu kila ASTM A106 Seamless, akā pono e hoʻokō ka hana o ka paipu i nā koi kūpono.
Inā ʻaʻole i koi ʻia, pono e hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu me ka hydro a i ʻole ka uila ʻole e luku ai, a i kekahi manawa ʻo nā mea ʻelua.
Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻāʻo hydrostatic a i ʻole non-destructive, e hōʻailona ʻia ka paipu me "NH".
Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic
ʻAʻole e emi ka waiwai o ke kaomi wai ma mua o 60% o ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi loa i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Hiki ke helu ʻia e kēia ʻano hana:
P = 2St/D
P = kaomi hoʻāʻo hydrostatic ma psi a i ʻole MPa,
S = ke kaumaha o ka paia paipu ma psi a i ʻole MPa,
t = ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia, ka mānoanoa o ka paia i kuhikuhi ʻia e pili ana i ka helu papa kuhikuhi ANSI i kuhikuhi ʻia, a i ʻole 1.143 manawa o ka mānoanoa o ka paia liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia, in. [mm],
ʻO D = ke anawaena waho i kuhikuhi ʻia, ke anawaena waho e pili ana i ka nui o ka paipu ANSI i kuhikuhi ʻia, a i ʻole ke anawaena waho i helu ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i 2t (e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ma luna) i ke anawaena o loko i kuhikuhi ʻia, in. [mm].
Inā hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo kaomi wai, e hōʻailona ʻia ka paipu kila me kakaomi hoʻāʻo.
Hoʻāʻo Uila ʻAʻole Luku
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he koho ʻē aʻe i ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic.
E hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa o kēlā me kēia paipu i kahi hoʻāʻo uila ʻaʻole e luku e like meE213, E309, a i ʻoleE570nā kikoʻī.
Inā ua hana ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana ʻaʻole luku, "NDE" e hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili o ka paipu.
Mass
Pono ke kaumaha maoli o ka paipu ma ka laulā o97.5% - 110%o ka nuipa i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Anawaena o waho
Mānoanoa
Ka mānoanoa o ka pā liʻiliʻi loa = 87.5% o ka mānoanoa o ka pā i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Nā lōʻihi
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko oka lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia, lōʻihi kaulele hoʻokahi, a meka lōʻihi kaulele pālua.
Ka lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia: e like me ke koi ʻia e ke kauoha.
Ka lōʻihi kaulele hoʻokahi4.8-6.7 m [16-22 kapuaʻi].
ʻAe ʻia ka 5% o ka lōʻihi e emi ma lalo o 4.8 m [16 ft], akā ʻaʻole pōkole ma mua o 3.7 m [12 ft].
Nā lōʻihi kaulele pāluaʻO ka lōʻihi awelika haʻahaʻa loa he 10.7 m [35 kapuaʻi] a ʻo ka lōʻihi haʻahaʻa loa he 6.7 m [22 kapuaʻi].
ʻElima pakeneka o ka lōʻihi i ʻae ʻia e emi ma lalo o 6.7 m [22 kapuaʻi], akā ʻaʻole pōkole ma mua o 4.8 m [16 kapuaʻi].
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila ASTM A106 i nā noi ʻoihana he nui ma muli o kona kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i nā mahana a me nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
1. ʻOihana aila a me ke kinoeaHoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila ASTM A106 i nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea mamao loa, nā lako wili, a me nā hale hoʻomaʻemaʻe, kahi e hōʻoia ai kona kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe i ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi i nā wahi ʻino.
2. Nā hale hana manaHoʻohana ʻia i nā paipu paila wela kiʻekiʻe, kaomi kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻololi wela, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻouna mahu kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hāʻawi i ka hana paʻa a me ke ola lawelawe ma lalo o nā kūlana koʻikoʻi.
3. Nā hale hana kemikaHoʻohana ʻia ka paipu kila ASTM A106 i nā hale hana kemika no nā ʻōnaehana paipu no nā reactors kiʻekiʻe, nā ipu kaomi, nā hale kiaʻi distillation, a me nā condensers, kahi e hiki ai ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a me nā kemika corrosive e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka pono o ke kaʻina hana.
4. Nā hale a me nā pono hanaHoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻomehana, hoʻoulu ʻana, a me ke ea hoʻoluʻu (HVAC) a me nā ʻōnaehana pale ahi kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoia i ka hana pono a me ka palekana o nā ʻōnaehana i loko o nā hale.
Papa B o ASTM A53a mePapa API 5L B ʻo ia nā koho maʻamau i ka ASTM A106 Grade B.
Ma ka māka ʻana o ka paipu kila humuhumu, ʻike pinepine mākou i ka paipu kila e hoʻokō ana i kēia mau kūlana ʻekolu i ka manawa like, e hōʻike ana he kiʻekiʻe ko lākou kūlike e pili ana i ka haku mele kemika, nā waiwai mechanical, a pēlā aku.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea maʻamau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna, aia kekahi mau kūlana ʻē aʻe e like me ASTM A106 ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui kemika a me nā waiwai mechanical.
GB/T 5310: E hoʻopili i ka paipu kila humuhumu no ka paila kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
JIS G3454No ka paipu kila kalapona no nā paipu kaomi.
JIS G3455Kūpono no ka paipu kila kalapona no nā paipu kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
JIS G3456Nā paipu kila kalapona no nā paipu wela kiʻekiʻe.
EN 10216-2Nā paipu kila humuhumu ʻole no nā hana wela kiʻekiʻe.
EN 10217-2Nā paipu kila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no nā hana wela kiʻekiʻe.
GOST 8732Nā paipu kila ʻōwili wela humuhumu ʻole no nā noi kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me nā hana wela kiʻekiʻe.
Ua nānā pono ʻia kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o ka paipu kila ASTM A106 Seamless a i ʻole ka nānā ʻoihana ʻaoʻao ʻekolu ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hale hana, ʻo ia kā mākou koi ʻana i ka maikaʻi a me kā mākou kūpaʻa mau ʻana i nā mea kūʻai aku.
Nānā ʻana i ke Anawaena o Waho
Nānā ʻana i ka Mānoanoa o ka Paia
Nānā Pololei
Nānā ʻana o UT
Nānā Pau
Nānā ʻana i ke ʻano
ʻOiai e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka maikaʻi o kā mākou huahana, hāʻawi pū mākou i nā koho ʻōpala like ʻole e hoʻokō i nā pono halihali a me ka mālama ʻana. Mai ke kaula kuʻuna a hiki i ka ʻōpala pale i hana ʻia, ua kūpaʻa mākou i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka palekana maikaʻi loa no kēlā me kēia ukana o nā paipu kila e hōʻoia i ko lākou hiki ʻana iā ʻoe me ka palekana a me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino.
Pena ʻEleʻele
Nā pāpale palakiko
3LPE
Mea ʻōwili
Galvanized
Hoʻopili a me ke kāʻei ʻana
ʻAʻole wale kēia mau loiloi e ʻike i ka maikaʻi o kā mākou huahana akā ʻo kā mākou kūpaʻa lawelawe hoʻi. Ke kakali nei mākou i ka hana pū ʻana me ʻoe e hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā paipu kila ASTM A106 GR.B kūpono loa no kāu mau papahana me ka lawelawe ʻoihana a me ka pono.
Mai kona hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana i ka makahiki 2014,Botop Steelua lilo i mea hoʻolako alakaʻi o ka paipu kila kalapona ma Northern Kina, i ʻike ʻia no ka lawelawe maikaʻi loa, nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hoʻonā piha.
Hāʻawi ka ʻoihana i nā ʻano paipu kila kalapona like ʻole a me nā huahana pili, me ka paipu kila seamless, ERW, LSAW, a me SSAW, a me kahi papa inoa piha o nā mea hoʻopili paipu a me nā flanges. Hoʻokomo pū kāna mau huahana kūikawā i nā metala kiʻekiʻe a me nā kila kila austenitic, i hana ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā papahana paipu like ʻole.
ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe No ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea Pipeline
ʻO ASTM A556 Cold Drawn Seamless Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
Paipu kila kila ʻole kalapona ASTM A334 Papa 1
Paipu Mekanika kila kila ASTM A519 Kalapona a me Alloy
JIS G3455 STS370 Paipu kila humuhumu no ka lawelawe kaomi kiʻekiʻe
ʻO nā paipu kila kalapona paila ASTM A192 no ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe
Paipu paila kila kalapona JIS G 3461 STB340 Seamless
ʻO AS 1074 Nā Paipu Kila Hana ʻOle No ka Hana Maʻamau
Paipu kila Seamless API 5L GR.B Mānoanoa o ka paia kaumaha no ka hana ʻana i ka mīkini
ASTM A53 Gr.A & Gr. B Carbon Seamless Steel Pipe No ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea Pipeline
