Q345 kayan ƙarfe ne. Karfe ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfe (C<0.2%), wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a gine-gine, gadoji, ababen hawa, jiragen ruwa, tasoshin matsi, da sauransu. Q yana wakiltar ƙarfin yawan amfanin wannan kayan, kuma 345 mai zuwa yana nufin ƙimar yawan amfanin wannan kayan, wanda yake kusan 345 MPa. Kuma ƙimar yawan amfanin zai ragu tare da ƙaruwar kauri na kayan.
Q345 yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya masu kyau, aikin ƙarancin zafin jiki mai karɓuwa, kyakkyawan filastik da kuma iya walda, kuma ana amfani da shi azaman tsari, sassan injiniya, tsarin gini, sassan tsarin ƙarfe gabaɗaya, waɗanda aka yi birgima da zafi ko kuma aka daidaita su, ana iya amfani da su a cikin gine-gine daban-daban a cikin yankuna masu sanyi ƙasa da -40°C.
Rarrabawa
Za a iya raba Q345 zuwa Q345A,Q345B, Q345C, Q345D, Q345E bisa ga ma'auni. Abin da suke wakilta shine galibi yanayin zafi na girgizar.
Matakin Q345A, babu wani tasiri;
Matakin Q345B, digiri 20 na tasirin yanayin zafi na yau da kullun;
Matakin Q345C, shine tasirin digiri 0;
matakin Q345D, shine tasirin digiri -20;
Matsayin Q345E, shine tasirin digiri -40.
A yanayin zafi daban-daban na girgiza, ƙimar girgizar ma ta bambanta.
sinadaran abun da ke ciki
Q345A：C≤0.20,Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.045，S≤0.045，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345B：C≤0.20， Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.040，S≤0.040，V 0.02~0.15；
Q345C：C≤0.20，Mn≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.035，S≤0.035，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345D：C≤0.20，Mn≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.030，S≤0.030，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
Q345E：C≤0.20，Mn ≤1.7，Si≤0.55，P≤0.025，S≤0.025，V 0.02~0.15，Al≥0.015；
da Miliyan 16
Karfe Q345 shine madadin tsoffin samfuran ƙarfe 12MnV, 14MnNb, 18Nb, 16MnRE, 16Mn da sauran nau'ikan ƙarfe, ba wai kawai madadin ƙarfe 16Mn ba. Dangane da sinadaran da ke cikinsa, 16Mn da Q345 suma sun bambanta. Mafi mahimmanci, akwai babban bambanci a cikin girman rukuni na kauri na ƙarfe biyu bisa ga bambancin ƙarfin samarwa, kuma wannan ba makawa zai haifar da canje-canje a cikin matsin lambar da aka yarda da shi na kayan da ke da wasu kauri. Saboda haka, bai dace ba kawai a shafa matsin lambar da aka yarda da shi na ƙarfe 16Mn zuwa ƙarfe Q345, amma ya kamata a sake tantance matsin lambar da aka yarda da shi bisa ga sabon girman rukuni na kauri na ƙarfe.
Adadin manyan abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfen Q345 iri ɗaya ne da na ƙarfe 16Mn, bambancin shine cewa an ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin ƙarfe na V, Ti da Nb. Ƙaramin adadin abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙarfe na V, Ti, da Nb na iya tace hatsi, inganta ƙarfin ƙarfe sosai, da kuma inganta cikakkun halayen injiniya na ƙarfe. Hakanan saboda wannan ne za a iya ƙara kauri na farantin ƙarfe. Saboda haka, cikakkun halayen injiniya na ƙarfen Q345 ya kamata ya fi ƙarfe 16Mn kyau, musamman ƙarancin aikin zafinsa ba ya samuwa a cikin ƙarfe 16Mn. Ƙarfin da aka yarda da shi na ƙarfen Q345 ya ɗan fi na ƙarfe 16Mn girma.
kwatancen aiki
Q345Dbututu mara sumulkaddarorin injiniya:
Ƙarfin tauri: 490-675 Ƙarfin amfani: ≥345 Tsawaita: ≥22
Q345Bbututu mara sumulkaddarorin injiniya:
Ƙarfin tauri: 490-675 Ƙarfin amfani: ≥345 Tsawaita: ≥21
Q345A bututun da ba shi da matsala:
Ƙarfin tauri: 490-675 Ƙarfin amfani: ≥345 Tsawaita: ≥21
Q345C bututun inji Properties:
Ƙarfin tauri: 490-675 Ƙarfin amfani: ≥345 Tsawaita: ≥22
Q345E bututun da ba su da matsala da kayan aikin injiniya:
Ƙarfin tauri: 490-675 Ƙarfin amfani: ≥345 Tsawaita: ≥22
Jerin Samfura
Karfe Q345D idan aka kwatanta da ƙarfe Q345A, B, C. Zafin gwajin kuzarin tasirin zafi mai ƙarancin yawa yana da ƙasa. Kyakkyawan aiki. Adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa P da S ya yi ƙasa da na Q345A, B da C. Farashin kasuwa ya fi na Q345A, B, C.
Ma'anar Q345D:
① An haɗa shi da lambar Q + + alamar ingancin + alamar hanyar deoxidation. Lambar ƙarfen ta gaba ce da "Q", wanda ke wakiltar wurin samar da ƙarfe, kuma lambar da ke bayanta tana wakiltar ƙimar wurin samar da ƙarfe a cikin MPa. Misali, Q235 yana wakiltar ƙarfe mai tsarin carbon mai maki mai yawa (σs) na 235 MPa.
②Idan ya cancanta, alamar da ke nuna ingancin inganci da hanyar cire iskar oxygen za a iya yiwa alama a bayan lambar ƙarfe. Alamomin ingancin sune A, B, C, D bi da bi. Alamar hanyar cire iskar oxygen: F yana nufin tafasar ƙarfe; b yana nufin ƙarfe mai rabin-kashe; Z yana nufin ƙarfe mai kashewa; TZ yana nufin ƙarfe mai kashewa na musamman, kuma ba za a iya yiwa ƙarfe mai kashewa alama da alamomi ba, wato, duka Z da TZ za a iya cire su. Misali, Q235-AF yana nufin ƙarfe mai tafasa na Grade A.
③ Karfe mai amfani da carbon don dalilai na musamman, kamar ƙarfe mai kama da gada, ƙarfe mai kama da ruwa, da sauransu, galibi yana amfani da hanyar bayyana ƙarfe mai kama da carbon, amma harafin da ke nuna manufar an ƙara shi a ƙarshen lambar ƙarfe.
Gabatarwar Abubuwa
| abu | C≤ | Mn | Si≤ | P≤ | S≤ | Al≥ | V | Nb | Ti |
| abun ciki | 0.2 | 1.0-1.6 | 0.55 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.015 | 0.02-0.15 | 0.015-0.06 | 0.02-0.2 |
Abubuwan da ke cikin injina na Q345C sune kamar haka (%):
| Ma'aunin kaddarorin injina | Tsawaita (%) | Zafin gwaji 0℃ | MPa ƙarfin tensile | Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa MPa≥ |
| darajar | δ5≥22 | J≥34 | σb(470-650) | shafi (324-259) |
Lokacin da kauri bango ya kasance tsakanin 16-35mm, σs≥325Mpa; lokacin da kauri bango ya kasance tsakanin 35-50mm, σs≥295Mpa
2. Halayen walda na ƙarfe Q345
2.1 Lissafin daidai da carbon (Ceq)
Ceq=C+Mn/6+Ni/15+Cu/15+Cr/5+Mo/5+V/5
A ƙididdige Ceq=0.49%, fiye da 0.45%, za a iya ganin cewa aikin walda na ƙarfe Q345 ba shi da kyau sosai, kuma ana buƙatar tsara tsauraran matakan fasaha yayin walda.
2.2 Matsalolin da ke iya faruwa a ƙarfe na Q345 yayin walda
2.2.1 Halin taurarewa a yankin da zafi ya shafa
A lokacin walda da sanyaya ƙarfe na Q345, tsarin da aka kashe-martensite yana samuwa cikin sauƙi a yankin da zafi ya shafa, wanda hakan ke ƙara tauri da kuma rage ƙarfin yankin da aka haɗa. Sakamakon haka shine tsagewa bayan walda.
2.2.2 Rage saurin fashewa a lokacin sanyi
Fashewar walda ta ƙarfe Q345 galibi fasawar sanyi ce.
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-20-2023