ASTM A335 P11bututun ƙarfe bututu ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfe mai kama da ferritic wanda ba shi da matsala don hidimar zafin jiki mai yawa, an nada shi a matsayin K11597 na UNS.
P11 wani ƙarfe ne na chromium-molybdenum wanda ke da sinadarin chromium na 1.00-1.50% da kuma sinadarin molybdenum na 0.44-0.65%.
Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin tukunyar ruwa, na'urorin dumama ruwa, da na'urorin musayar zafi a tashoshin wutar lantarki da masana'antun sinadarai.
Bukatun fasaha naASME SA335kumaASTM A335iri ɗaya ne, don haka don sauƙin gabatarwa, za mu yi amfani da "ASTM A335" don komawa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodi guda biyu.
Abubuwal: bututun ƙarfe mara shinge na ASTM A335 P11;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: daidai daASME B36.10buƙatu;
Jadawalin Jadawalin: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 da SCH160;
Ganowa: STD, XS, XXS;
Keɓancewa: Ana kuma samun girman bututun da ba na yau da kullun ba, ana samun girman da aka keɓance idan an buƙata;
Tsawon: Tsawon takamaiman da bazuwar;
Takaddun shaida na IBR: Za mu iya tuntuɓar ƙungiyar dubawa ta ɓangare na uku don samun takardar shaidar IBR bisa ga buƙatunku, ƙungiyoyin dubawa na haɗin gwiwarmu sune BV, SGS, TUV, da sauransu.
Ƙarshe: Ƙarshen bututu mai faɗi, mai yankewa, ko kuma mai haɗaka;
saman: Bututu mai sauƙi, fenti, da sauran kariya ta wucin gadi, cire tsatsa da gogewa, fenti mai galvanized da filastik, da sauran kariya ta dogon lokaci;
shiryawa: Akwatin katako, bel ɗin ƙarfe ko marufi na waya na ƙarfe, mai kare ƙarshen bututun filastik ko ƙarfe, da sauransu.
Sai dai idan an ƙayyade wani abu a cikin A335, kayan da aka tanadar a ƙarƙashin wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai za su dace da buƙatun da suka dace na bugu na Musamman na yanzuA999/A999M.
Dole ne a sanya bututun ƙarfe na ASTM A335 a cikin bututun ƙarfebabu matsalaBututun ƙarfe marasa sumul suna ba da aminci da daidaito idan aka fuskanci yanayi mai ƙarfi da yanayin zafi.
Za a iya rarraba sumul musamman a matsayin waɗanda aka zana da sanyi da kuma waɗanda aka gama da zafi, ya danganta da takamaiman aikace-aikacen da girman.
Ana amfani da zanen sanyi a kan ƙananan diamita ko kuma a kan bututun da ke buƙatar daidaito mai kyau da ingancin saman. Yawanci ana amfani da ƙarewa mai zafi don samar da manyan bututun ƙarfe madaidaiciya da kauri.
A ƙasa akwai jadawalin yadda ake sarrafa bututun ƙarfe mara kauri da aka gama da zafi.
Maganin zafi na kayan P11 na iya zama ko dai cikakken ko isothermal annealing ko tempering bayan daidaitawa, kuma lokacin daidaitawa da tempering, zafin zafin tempering ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 1200°F (650°C).
Daga sinadaran da ke cikinsa, za mu iya ganin hakan cikin sauƙiP11 wani ƙarfe ne na chromium-molybdenum.
Haɗaɗɗen ƙarfe na Chromium-molybdenum aji ne na ƙarfe tare da chromium (Cr) da molybdenum (Mo) a matsayin manyan abubuwan haɗa ƙarfe. Ƙara waɗannan abubuwan yana ƙara ƙarfi, tauri, juriyar lalacewa, da juriyar tsatsa na ƙarfe sosai. A yanayin zafi mai yawa, haɗaɗɗen ƙarfe na Cr-Mo suna iya kiyaye kyawawan halayen injiniya da tsari mai ƙarfi.
Cr: yana inganta juriyar iskar shaka da juriyar tsatsa na ƙarfe, yana taimakawa wajen samar da fim ɗin oxide mai ƙarfi, kuma yana kare kayan daga kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata.
Mo: Yana ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfe, musamman a yanayin zafi mai yawa, yana inganta juriyar rarrafe, kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin zafin jiki mai yawa na kayan.
1. Kadarar Tashin Hankali
Ana amfani da gwajin tensile akai-akai don auna ma'auninƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa, ƙarfin juriya, kumamai tsayin na shirin gwaji na bututun ƙarfe, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan aikin gwajin.
ATebur na 5 ya ba da ƙimar da aka ƙididdige mafi ƙarancin.
Inda kauri bango yake tsakanin dabi'u biyu da ke sama, mafi ƙarancin ƙimar tsawaitawa ana ƙayyade shi ta hanyar dabarar da ke ƙasa:
Tsawon tsayi, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Juyawa, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
inda:
E = tsawaitawa a cikin inci 2 ko 50 mm, %,
t = ainihin kauri na samfuran, a cikin. [mm].
2. Taurin kai
Bututun Grade P11 ba ya buƙatar gwajin tauri.
An bayar da ƙimar taurin tunani a ƙasa.
Yanayin da aka rufe:
Taurin yawanci yana tsakanin 150 da 200 HB.
Yanayin da aka daidaita da kuma yanayin da aka daidaita:
Taurin yana tsakanin 170 zuwa 220 HB.
Yanayin tauri da sanyi:
Taurin zai iya kaiwa daga 250 zuwa 300 HB ko fiye, ya danganta da zafin jiki da lokacin da ake ɗauka.
3. Shirye-shiryen Gwaji na Zaɓaɓɓu
Ba a buƙatar waɗannan abubuwan gwaji a gwaje-gwajen ba, idan ya cancanta za a iya tantance su ta hanyar tattaunawa.
Binciken Samfura
Gwajin Faɗin Ƙasa
Gwajin Lanƙwasa
Gwaje-gwajen Tsarin Karfe da Ƙirƙirar Ƙarfe
Hotunan micrographs
Hotunan micrographs don Guda ɗaya
Gwajin ruwa na P11 zai cika waɗannan buƙatu.
Diamita na waje ＞in 10 [250mm] da kauri na bango ≤ inci 0.75 [19mm]: wannan ya kamata ya zama gwajin hydrostatic.
Sauran girma dabam dabam don gwajin lantarki mara lalatawa.
An tattara waɗannan buƙatun gwajin hydrostatic daga buƙatun ASTM A999:
Ga bututun ƙarfe na ferritic da bututun ƙarfe na bakin ƙarfe, bangon yana fuskantar matsin lamba na ba ƙasa da haka baKashi 60% na ƙayyadadden ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Za a ci gaba da matsin lamba na gwajin ruwa na akalla tsawon akalla 5sba tare da ɓuya ko wasu lahani ba.
Matsi na ruwaana iya ƙididdige shi ta amfani da dabarar:
P = 2St/D
P= matsin lamba na gwajin hydrostatic a cikin psi [MPa];
S = matsin lamba a bangon bututu a cikin psi ko [MPa];
t = kauri na bango da aka ƙayyade, kauri na bango bisa ga lambar jadawalin ANSI da aka ƙayyade ko kuma sau 1.143 mafi ƙarancin kauri na bango da aka ƙayyade, in. [mm];
D = diamita ta waje da aka ƙayyade, diamita ta waje da ta yi daidai da girman bututun ANSI da aka ƙayyade, ko diamita ta waje da aka ƙididdige ta hanyar ƙara 2t (kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama) zuwa diamita ta ciki da aka ƙayyade, in. [mm].
Za a duba kowace bututu ta hanyar gwajin da ba ya lalatawa kamar yadda Dokar Aiki ta tanadaE213, AikiE309, ko AikiE570.
Bambancin da Za a Iya Yi a Diamita
Don bututun da aka yi odadiamita na ciki, diamita na ciki ba zai bambanta fiye da ±1% daga diamita na ciki da aka ƙayyade ba.
An yi odar bututun shigaNPS [DN] ko diamita na wajebai kamata ya bambanta diamita na waje fiye da yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa ba.
Bambancin da Aka Yarda a Kauri Bango
Za a yi ma'aunin kauri bango ta amfani da na'urorin gwaji na inji ko kuma na'urorin gwaji marasa lalata da aka daidaita da kyau, waɗanda suka dace da daidaito. Idan aka samu takaddama, ma'aunin da aka ƙayyade ta amfani da na'urorin aunawa na inji zai yi nasara.
An nuna mafi ƙarancin kauri na bango da diamita na waje don dubawa don bin wannan buƙata ta bututun da NPS [DN] ta umarta da lambar jadawali a cikinASME B36.10M.
Yawanci ana amfani da shi a cikin tukunyar ruwa, na'urorin dumama ruwa, da na'urorin musayar zafi a tashoshin wutar lantarki da masana'antun sinadarai.
Tafasassun ruwa: Ana amfani da P11 sosai wajen gina tukunyar ruwa saboda juriyarsa ga yanayin zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa, musamman a sassan da ke fuskantar yanayin zafi da matsin lamba mai tsanani.
Babban hita: Ana amfani da shi don ƙara zafin tururi don ƙara inganta ingancin zafi. p11 yana tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye ƙarfi da dorewar kayan koda a yanayin zafi mai yawa.
Masu musayar zafi: P11 yana ƙara tsatsa da juriyar masu musayar zafi mai yawa, don haka yana inganta aminci da amincin kayan aiki.
Tsarin bututuTsarin bututun mai a masana'antun sinadarai galibi suna buƙatar jigilar ruwa mai zafi ko tururi. ƙarfin zafin jiki mai yawa da kyawawan halayen injiniya na P11 sun sa ya dace da waɗannan aikace-aikacen.
a) Menene ASTM A335 P11 yayi daidai da?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)Shin P11 ƙarfe ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfe?
Ee, P11 ƙarfe ne mai ƙarancin ƙarfe.
Ƙaramin ƙarfe mai ƙarfe-carbon ne wanda aka ƙara abubuwa ɗaya ko fiye da ke haɗa ƙarfe (misali, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, da sauransu), tare da jimillar abubuwan da ke haɗa ƙarfe gabaɗaya ya kama daga 1 zuwa 5%.
c)Menene ƙarfin juriya na ASTM A335 P11?
Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin taurin kai na 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)Menene ƙarfin yawan amfanin ASTM A335 P11?
Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin taurin kai na 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) Menene iyakar zafin jiki na ASTM A335 P11?
A cikin muhallin da ke samar da iskar oxygen: Matsakaicin zafin aiki yawanci shine kusan 593°C (1100°F).
A cikin yanayin da ba ya samar da iskar oxygen: ana iya cimma matsakaicin zafin aiki na kimanin 650°C (1200°F).
f)Shin maganadisu na A335 P11 ne?
Yana da maganadisu a zafin ɗaki. Wannan siffa ta iya zama da amfani a wasu aikace-aikace, kamar lokacin da ake buƙatar kayan su dace da kayan aikin gano maganadisu.
g)Menene farashin ASTM A335 P11?
Farashi ya bambanta da kasuwa, tuntuɓe mu don samun cikakken bayani.
