ASTM A334Aji na 1bututun ƙarfe ne mai laushi da walda don hidimar ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Yana da matsakaicin sinadarin carbon na 0.30%, sinadarin manganese na 0.40-1.60%, mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin tauri na 380Mpa (55ksi), da kuma ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa na 205Mpa (30ksi).
Ana amfani da shi galibi don jigilar ruwa a cikin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi, kayan aikin sanyaya, da sauran aikace-aikacen masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar juriya ga tasirin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi.
ASTM A334 yana da matakai da dama don magance yanayi daban-daban na ƙarancin zafin jiki, wato:Aji na 1, Aji na 3, Aji na 6, Aji na 7, Aji na 8, Aji na 9, da Aji na 11.
Akwai nau'ikan ƙarfe guda biyu, ƙarfe mai carbon da ƙarfe mai alloy.
Aji na 1kumaAji na 6duka ƙarfe ne na carbon.
Ana iya samar da su ta hanyarhanyoyin da ba su da matsala ko kuma waɗanda aka haɗa.
A cikin samar da bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul, akwai hanyoyin samarwa guda biyu,An gama da zafi ko kuma an ja shi da sanyi.
Zaɓin ya dogara ne akan ƙarshen amfani da bututun, girman bututun, da takamaiman buƙatun kayan aiki.
A ƙasa akwai zane na tsarin samar da kayayyaki mai kyau wanda ba shi da matsala.
Theƙare mai zafiTsarin bututun da ba shi da matsala ya ƙunshi dumama bututun ƙarfe zuwa babban zafin jiki sannan a samar da bututun ta hanyar birgima ko fitar da shi. Wannan tsari yana faruwa a yanayin zafi mai yawa kuma yana taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin kayan, ta haka yana ƙara ƙarfinsa da daidaitonsa gaba ɗaya.
Tsarin kammalawa mai zafi ya dace musamman wajen samar da manyan bututu masu kauri da kauri, waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a bututun jigilar kaya da aikace-aikacen tsari, kuma ya dace da samar da kayayyaki masu yawa saboda ƙarancin farashi.
Sanyi-jawoAna sarrafa bututun ƙarfe marasa sulɓi ta hanyar shimfiɗawa bayan an sanyaya kayan gaba ɗaya don cimma daidaiton girma da siffar da ake buƙata. Wannan hanyar tana inganta daidaiton girma da kuma ƙarewar saman samfurin sosai, yayin da tasirin sanyi na aiki yana ƙara haɓaka halayen injina na bututun, kamar ƙarfi da juriyar lalacewa.
Tsarin zanen sanyi ya dace musamman da ƙera bututu masu ƙananan diamita da kauri na bango mai siriri inda ake buƙatar daidaito mai kyau da ingancin saman kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni kamar tsarin hydraulic, kayan aikin mota, da kayan aiki masu matsin lamba don biyan takamaiman buƙatun aiki mai girma, kodayake akan farashi mai girma.
Daidaita ta hanyar dumama zuwa yanayin zafi iri ɗaya wanda bai gaza 1550 °F [845 °C] ba sannan a sanyaya a iska ko a cikin ɗakin sanyaya tanderu mai sarrafa yanayi.
Idan ana buƙatar yin gyaran fuska, dole ne a yi shawarwari.
Ga matakan da ke sama na bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul kawai:
Sake dumama da kuma sarrafa zafin aikin zafi da zafin aikin kammalawa mai zafi zuwa yanayin zafin gamawa daga 1550 - 1750 °F [845 - 955 °C] sannan a sanyaya a cikin tanderun da aka sarrafa daga zafin farko na bai gaza 1550 °F [845 °C] ba.
An tsara ilimin sunadarai na aji 1 don daidaita ƙarfi, tauri, da kuma tauri mai ƙarancin zafin jiki don amfani a cikin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi.
| Matsayi | C(Kabon) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Fosforus) | S(Sulfur) |
| Aji na 1 | matsakaicin 0.30% | 0.40-1.06% | matsakaicin 0.025% | matsakaicin 0.025% |
| Ga kowace raguwar kashi 0.01% na carbon da ke ƙasa da kashi 0.30%, za a ba da damar ƙaruwar kashi 0.05% na manganese da ke sama da kashi 1.06% zuwa matsakaicin kashi 1.35% na manganese. | ||||
Carbon shine babban sinadari da ke ƙara ƙarfi da tauri na ƙarfe, amma a aikace-aikacen ƙarancin zafin jiki, yawan sinadarin carbon na iya rage tauri na kayan.
An rarraba aji na 1, wanda ke da matsakaicin sinadarin carbon na 0.30%, a matsayin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin carbon kuma ana sarrafa shi a ƙaramin matakin don inganta ƙarfinsa na ƙarancin zafi.
Ƙimar mafi ƙarancin tsawaitawa da aka ƙididdige ga kowace raguwar kauri na 1/32 in.[0.80 mm].
Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tasiri akan bututun ƙarfe na aji 1a -45°C [-50°F], wanda aka tsara don tabbatar da tauri da juriyar tasirin kayan a cikin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi. Ana yin gwajin ta hanyar zaɓar ƙarfin tasirin da ya dace bisa ga kauri na bango na bututun ƙarfe.
Samfuran tasirin sanduna masu siffa mai siffar ƙugiya za su kasance na katako mai sauƙi, nau'in Charpy, bisa ga Hanyoyin Gwaji E23. Nau'in A, tare da maƙallin V.
Hanyoyi guda biyu da aka fi amfani da su wajen auna taurin kai sune gwajin taurin Rockwell da Brinell.
| Matsayi | Rockwell | Brinell |
| ASTM A334 Darasi na 1 | B 85 | 163 |
Kowace bututu za a gwada ta hanyar lantarki ko hydrostatic ba tare da lalata ta ba bisa ga ka'idar STM A1016/A1016M. Sai dai idan an ƙayyade ta daban a cikin odar siyan, nau'in gwajin da za a yi amfani da shi zai kasance a zaɓin masana'anta.
Baya ga alamomin da aka ƙayyade a cikin Takamaiman Bayani A1016/A1016M, alamar za ta haɗa da waɗanda aka gama da zafi, waɗanda aka zana a cikin sanyi, waɗanda ba su da matsala, ko waɗanda aka haɗa, da kuma haruffan "LT" sannan sai zafin da aka yi gwajin tasirin.
Idan bututun ƙarfe da aka gama bai isa girman da zai iya samun ƙaramin samfurin tasiri ba, alamar ba za ta haɗa da haruffan LT da zafin gwajin da aka nuna ba.
Ana amfani da shi sosai a aikace-aikace daban-daban na masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar aiki mai ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Jigilar ruwa mai guba: Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe na aji 1 sosai don jigilar ruwa mai narkewa kamar iskar gas mai narkewa (LNG), iskar gas mai narkewa (LPG), da sauran sinadarai masu narkewa. Waɗannan ruwa galibi suna buƙatar a jigilar su lafiya a yanayin zafi ƙasa da yanayi, kuma bututun ƙarfe na aji 1 yana kiyaye halayensa na zahiri da ingancin tsarinsa a waɗannan ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Tsarin firiji da kayan aiki: Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don bututun isar da ruwan sanyi a cikin waɗannan tsarin.
Masu musayar zafi da masu haɗa zafi: Masu musayar zafi da na'urorin sanyaya zafi muhimman abubuwa ne a fannin masana'antu da makamashi, galibi suna amfani da bututun ƙarfe na aji 1 a matsayin kayan gini. Waɗannan na'urori suna buƙatar kayan da ke kiyaye ƙarfi da juriya ga tsatsa a ƙananan yanayin zafi don tabbatar da aminci da inganci na aiki na dogon lokaci.
Wuraren ajiye sanyi da sanyaya: A cikin ajiyar sanyi da sauran wuraren sanyaya, dole ne a daidaita tsarin bututun zuwa yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin gaske. Ana iya amfani da bututun ƙarfe na aji 1 don gina tsarin bututun a cikin waɗannan wurare saboda ikonsa na ci gaba da aiki a cikin yanayin sanyi ba tare da gazawa ba.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. JIS G3460:STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
An tsara waɗannan ƙa'idodi da maki don samun halaye iri ɗaya ko makamancin haka ga ASTM A334 Grade 1, idan aka yi la'akari da ƙa'idodin ƙarancin zafin jiki da sauran sharuɗɗan aiki masu dacewa.
Tun lokacin da aka kafa kamfanin Botop Steel a shekarar 2014, ya zama babban kamfanin samar da bututun ƙarfe na carbon a Arewacin China, wanda aka san shi da kyakkyawan sabis, kayayyaki masu inganci, da kuma cikakkun hanyoyin magance matsaloli. Kamfanin yana bayar da nau'ikan bututun ƙarfe na carbon da kayayyaki masu alaƙa, gami da bututun ƙarfe na ERW, LSAW, da SSAW marasa matsala, da kuma cikakken jerin kayan haɗin bututu da flanges.
Kayayyakinta na musamman sun haɗa da ƙarfe masu inganci da ƙarfe masu bakin ƙarfe na austenitic, waɗanda aka ƙera don biyan buƙatun ayyukan bututu daban-daban.
