ASTM A178bututun ƙarfe bututu ne da aka haɗa da juriyar lantarki (ERW)ƙarfe mai kama da carbon da manganeseana amfani da shi azaman bututun tukunya, bututun bututun, bututun zafi mai zafi, da ƙarshen aminci.
Ya dace da bututun ƙarfe masu diamita na waje na 12.7-127mm da kauri na bango tsakanin 0.9-9.1mm.
Bututun ASTM A178 sun dace da bututun da aka haɗa da juriya tare dadiamita na waje tsakanin 1/2 - 5 inci [12.7 - 127 mm] da kauri na bango tsakanin 0.035 - 0.360 inci [0.9 - 9.1 mm], kodayake wasu girma dabam dabam suna samuwa kamar yadda ake buƙata, muddin waɗannan bututun sun cika duk wasu buƙatun wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Akwai matakai uku don magance yanayi daban-daban na amfani.
Darasi na A, Darasi na C, da Darasi na D.
| Matsayi | Nau'in Karfe na Carbon |
| Darasi na A | Ƙananan Karfe |
| Darasi na C | Karfe Mai Matsakaici-Carbon |
| Darasi na D | Karfe na Carbon-Manganese |
Kayan da aka tanadar a ƙarƙashin wannan ƙayyadadden bayani zai dace da buƙatun da suka dace na bugu na Musamman na A450/A450M na yanzu. sai dai idan an tanadar da wani abu a nan.
Darasi na AkumaDarasi na Ckada a ƙayyade takamaiman ƙarfe; zaɓi kayan da suka dace kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Karfe donDarasi na Dza a kashe shi.
Ana samar da ƙarfen da aka kashe ta hanyar ƙara sinadarai masu rage iskar oxygen (misali, silicon, aluminum, manganese, da sauransu) a cikin ƙarfen da aka narke yayin aikin samar da ƙarfe, ta haka ne ake rage ko kawar da iskar oxygen da ke cikin ƙarfen.
Wannan maganin yana inganta daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfe, yana ƙara ƙarfinsa na injiniya, kuma yana inganta juriya ga tsatsa.
Saboda haka, ana amfani da ƙarfe da aka kashe sosai a aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar babban matakin daidaito da kyawawan halayen injiniya, kamar ƙera tasoshin matsin lamba, tukunyar ruwa, da manyan abubuwan gini.
Ana yin bututun ƙarfe ta amfani daERWtsarin masana'antu.
ERW (An yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki wajen walda)tsari ne da ya dace da ƙera bututun ƙarfe na carbon.
Tare da fa'idodin ƙarfin walda mai yawa, santsi na ciki da waje, saurin samarwa cikin sauri, da ƙarancin farashi, ana amfani da shi sosai a fannoni da yawa na masana'antu da gine-gine.
ASTM A178bututun ƙarfedole ne a yi masa maganin zafia lokacin aikin ƙera shi. Ana amfani da shi don inganta halayen injina da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin bututun, da kuma kawar da damuwa da wataƙila aka haifar yayin aikin walda.
Bayan walda, dukkan bututun za a shafa musu zafi a zafin 1650°F [900°C] ko sama da haka, sannan a sanyaya su a iska ko a cikin ɗakin sanyaya tanderu mai yanayi mai sarrafawa.
Bututun da aka ja da sanyiza a yi masa magani da zafi bayan an gama shan ruwan sanyi a zafin da ya kai 1200°F [650°C] ko sama da haka.
Idan aka yi nazarin samfur, ana ƙayyade yawan dubawa kamar haka.
| Rarrabawa | Mitar Dubawa |
| Diamita na waje ≤ inci 3 [76.2mm] | Kwamfuta 250/lokaci |
| Diamita na waje ＞ inci 3 [76.2mm] | Kwamfuta 100/lokaci |
| Bambanta ta hanyar lambar zafi ta bututu | Kowace lambar zafi |
Bukatun ƙa'idodin injina ba su shafi bututun da ya fi ƙasa da inci 1/8 [3.2 mm] a diamita na ciki ko kauri na inci 0.015 [0.4 mm] ba.
1. Kadarar Tashin Hankali
Ga azuzuwan C da D, za a yi gwajin tensile a kan bututu biyu a kowane fili.
Ga bututun Grade A, ba a cika buƙatar gwajin ƙarfi ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ana amfani da bututun Grade A musamman don amfani da ƙananan matsi da ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Tebur na 3 yana ba da ƙimar mafi ƙarancin tsawaitawa da aka ƙididdige ga kowane raguwar kauri na 1/32 inci [0.8 mm].
Idan kauri na bango na bututun ƙarfe ba ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kauri na bango ba ne, ana iya ƙididdige shi ta hanyar dabarar.
Inci Raka'a: E = 48t + 15.00koRaka'o'in ISI: E = 1.87t + 15.00
E = tsawaitawa a cikin inci 2 ko 50 mm, %,
t= ainihin kauri samfurin, in. [mm].
2. Gwajin Murkushewa
Ana yin gwajin fitar da iska a sassan bututu masu inci 2 da rabi [63 mm] a tsayi wanda dole ne ya jure fitar da iska mai tsayi ba tare da fashewa, tsagewa, ko tsagewa a wuraren walda ba.
Ga bututun da ba su wuce inci 1 ba [25.4 mm] a diamita na waje, tsawon samfurin zai zama diamita na waje sau 2 1/2 na bututun. Ƙananan duba saman ba zai zama dalilin ƙin amincewa ba.
3. Gwajin Faɗi
Hanyar gwaji ta yi daidai da buƙatun da suka dace na ASTM A450 Sashe na 19.
4. Gwajin Flange
Hanyar gwaji ta yi daidai da buƙatun da suka dace na ASTM A450 Sashe na 22.
5. Gwajin Faɗin Juyawa
Hanyar gwaji ta yi daidai da buƙatun da suka dace na ASTM A450, Sashe na 20.
Ana yin gwajin lantarki mai amfani da ruwa ko wanda ba ya lalatawa a kan kowace bututun ƙarfe.
Bukatun sun yi daidai da ASTM A450, Sashe na 24 ko 26.
An samo waɗannan bayanai ne daga ASTM A450 kuma sun cika buƙatun da suka dace don bututun ƙarfe da aka haɗa kawai.
Bambancin Nauyi
0 - +10%.
Bambancin Kauri na Bango
0 - +18%.
Bambancin Diamita na Waje
| Diamita na Waje | Bambancin da aka Yarda | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1% OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜OD ≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ±0.15 |
| 1½%OD%2 | 38.1% OD = 50.8 | ±0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ±0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD＜3 | 63.5≤ OD＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ±0.38 |
| 4＜OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Bayan an saka shi a cikin tukunyar jirgi, bututun ya kamata ya iya jure faɗaɗawa da lanƙwasawa ba tare da lahani ko fashewa a welds ba.
Bututun dumama mai ƙarfi zai iya jure duk ayyukan ƙira, walda, da lanƙwasawa ba tare da lahani ba.
Ana amfani da shi galibi a cikin bututun boiler, bututun boiler, bututun zafi mai zafi, da ƙarshen aminci.
ASTM A178 Matsayi AƘananan sinadarin carbon da ke cikin bututun yana ba shi kyakkyawan sauƙin walda da kuma ƙarfin aiki mai yawa ga aikace-aikacen da ba a fuskantar matsin lamba mai yawa ba.
Ana amfani da shi musamman don amfani da ƙananan matsi da matsakaicin zafin jiki kamar su tukunyar ruwa mai ƙarancin matsi (misali, tukunyar ruwa ta gida, ƙananan gine-ginen ofis, ko tukunyar ruwa ta masana'anta) da sauran na'urorin musanya zafi a cikin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi.
ASTM A178 Darasi Cyana da yawan sinadarin carbon da manganese wanda hakan ke ba wannan bututun ƙarfi da juriyar zafi don ƙarin yanayi mai wahala.
Ya dace da amfani da matsakaicin matsin lamba da zafin jiki kamar na masana'antu da na ruwan zafi, waɗanda galibi suna buƙatar matsin lamba da yanayin zafi mafi girma fiye da na injinan dumama gida.
ASTM A178 Darasi na Dbututun suna da babban sinadarin manganese da kuma sinadarin silicon mai dacewa don samar da ƙarfi mai kyau da juriya ga zafi, wanda hakan ke sa su zama masu karko a yanayin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba mai yawa kuma sun dace da jure yanayin aiki mai tsanani.
Ana amfani da shi a wurare masu zafi da matsin lamba, kamar su tukunyar wutar lantarki da kuma manyan na'urorin dumama masana'antu.
1. ASTM A179 / ASME SA179: Mai musanya zafi na ƙarfe mai laushi da bututun mai ɗaukar zafi don aikin cryogenic. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin yanayin ƙarancin matsin lamba, yana kama da na ASTM A178 a cikin halayen sinadarai da na inji.
2. ASTM A192 / ASME SA192: Bututun tukunyar jirgi mara sulke na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi a cikin aikin matsin lamba mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da shi sosai wajen kera bangon ruwa, masu tattalin arziki da sauran abubuwan da ke ƙara matsin lamba ga tukunyar jirgi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
3. ASTM A210 / ASME SA210: Yana rufe bututun dumama mai matsakaicin carbon da ƙarfe mai ƙarfe mara shinge da kuma bututun dumama mai ƙarfi don tsarin tukunyar zafi mai zafi da matsakaicin matsin lamba.
4. DIN 17175: Bututun ƙarfe marasa sumul da bututu don amfani a yanayin matsin lamba mai yawa da yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ana amfani da su galibi wajen ƙera bututun tururi don tukunyar ruwa da tasoshin matsin lamba.
5. EN 10216-2: Yana tsara yanayin fasaha don bututun da ba su da matsala da bututun ƙarfe marasa ƙarfe da ƙarfe masu ƙayyadadden halaye masu zafi don amfani a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
6. JIS G3461: Yana rufe bututun ƙarfe na carbon don tukunyar ruwa da na'urorin musanya zafi. Ya dace da yanayin musayar zafi mai sauƙi da matsakaici.
Mu kamfani ne mai ƙera bututun ƙarfe na carbon mai inganci kuma mai samar da kayayyaki daga China, kuma mu kamfani ne mai samar da bututun ƙarfe mara matsala, muna ba ku nau'ikan hanyoyin magance bututun ƙarfe iri-iri!
Don duk wata tambaya ko ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan da muke bayarwa, kada ku yi jinkirin tuntuɓar mu. Mafi kyawun mafita na bututun ƙarfe da kuke da su saƙo ne kawai!
